|
| Programmed cell death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) |
|
| Allergic asthma |
• PD-L1-/- mice have reduced AHR. |
Akbari et al.(28) 2010 |
| • Blocking antibodies against PD-L1 show increased Th1 cytokine response in mice. |
Matsumoto et al.(58) 2004 |
| Other allergic diseases |
• Keratinocyte-associated PD-L1 downregulates the effector function of CD8 T cells at local inflammatory sites and plays a role in peripheral T cell tolerance against exogenous Antigens. |
Ritprajak et al.(86) 2010 |
| Immunoregulation |
• In NOD mice blockade of PD-L1 leads to insulitis and proinflammatory cytokine production by T cells. |
Wang et al.(16) 2005 |
| • In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), PD-L1 expressed by CNS myeloid APC negatively regulates T-cell activation. |
Schreiner et al.(15) 2008 |
| • PD-L1 can inhibit T cell responses by promoting both the induction and maintenance of induced regulatory T cells. |
Francisco et al.(56) 2009 |
| Microbial Pathogenesis and Infectious Disease |
• PD-L1-/- mice clears adenovirus infection more rapidly but develops severe hepatocellular injury. |
Iwai et al.(19) 2003 |
| • Blocking PD-1:PD-L1 interactions in-vitro reverses the exhaustion of HIV, HBV, HCV, and SIV specific CD8 and CD4 T-cells and restores proliferation and cytokine production. |
Day et al.(18) 2006, Boni et al.(17) 2007, Urbani et al.(22) 2006, Velu et al. (23) 2007. |
| • PD-L1-/- mice show reduced growth of cutaneous lesions and parasite burden upon infection with Leishmania mexicana. |
Liang et al.(20) 2006 |
| Transplantation |
• Administration of PD-L1 blocking antibodies accelerates transplant rejection. |
Hori et al.(26) 2006, Ito et al.(27) 2005. |
| Tumor Immunity |
• PD-L1 expression on tumors inhibits T cell activation and lysis of tumor cells in mice. |
Dong et al.(78) 2004. |
| Immunopathology |
• Blockade of PD-L1 on vascular endothelial cells enhances IFN-γ production and cytolytic activity of CD8 T cells in-vitro. |
Rodig et al.(42) 2003. |
|
| Programmed cell death Ligand 2 (PD-L2) |
|
| Allergic asthma |
• PD-L2-/- mice developed significantly higher AHR. |
Akbari et al.(28) 2010 |
| • Administration of PD-L2 blocking antibodies in mice model of asthma blocked the development of airway inflammation. |
Radhakrishnan et al.(59) 2004 |
| Other Allergic diseases |
• Administration of PD-L2 blocking antibody enhances eosinophilic infiltration in experimental allergic conjunctivitis in mice. |
Fukushima et al.(85) 2006 |
| Immunoregulation |
• PD-L2-/- mice show increased CD68 (+) cells along with elevated circulating IgG in glomeruli in autoimmune kidney disease. |
Menke et al.(14) 2007 |
| • PD-L2 negatively regulates T cell activation in-vitro and in-vivo and mediates oral tolerance. |
Zhang et al.(62) 2006 |
| Microbial Pathogenesis and Infectious Disease |
• Administration of PD-L2 blocking antibodies inhibit T-cell proliferation on activated macrophages in Taenia crassiceps. |
Terrazas et al.(21) 2005 |
| • PD-L2-/- mice developed exacerbated disease with increased parasite burden upon infection with Leishmania mexicana. |
Liang et al.(20) 2006 |
| Tumor Immunity |
• PD-L2 has been identified as being highly expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma cells by microarray analysis. |
Rosenwald et al.(25) 2003 |
