Table 3.
Hierarchical Regression Analyses: Distress Tolerance, Panic Group Status, and Posttraumatic Stress
| ΔR2 | t | β | sr2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criterion Variable: CAPS – Total Symptom Severity | |||||
| Step 1 | .25 | < .001 | |||
| Number of Traumas | 1.93 | .18 | .03 | .05 | |
| DTS – Total | −2.83 | −.29 | .07 | < .01 | |
| Panic Group | 2.39 | .24 | .05 | < .05 | |
| Step 2 | .02 | ns | |||
| Number of Traumas | 1.98 | .18 | .03 | .05 | |
| DTS – Total | .56 | .18 | .00 | ns | |
| Panic Group | 2.36 | .24 | .05 | < .05 | |
| DTS – Total x Panic Group | −1.57 | −.49 | .02 | ns | |
| Criterion Variable: CAPS – Re-Experiencing Symptom Severity | |||||
| Step 1 | .18 | .001 | |||
| Number of Traumas | 2.08 | .20 | .04 | < .05 | |
| DTS – Total | −2.10 | −.22 | .04 | < .05 | |
| Panic Group | 1.93 | .21 | .04 | .05 | |
| Step 2 | .03 | ns | |||
| Number of Traumas | 2.14 | .21 | .04 | < .05 | |
| DTS – Total | .89 | .29 | .01 | ns | |
| Panic Group | 1.91 | .20 | .03 | ns | |
| DTS – Total x Panic Group | −1.66 | −.54 | .03 | ns | |
| Criterion Variable: CAPS – Avoidance Symptom Severity | |||||
| Step 1 | .11 | < .05 | |||
| Number of Traumas | 1.35 | .14 | .02 | ns | |
| DTS – Total | −2.37 | −.26 | .06 | < .05 | |
| Panic Group | .55 | .06 | .00 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .00 | ns | |||
| Number of Traumas | 1.36 | .14 | .02 | ns | |
| DTS – Total | −.34 | −.13 | .00 | ns | |
| Panic Group | .53 | .06 | .00 | ns | |
| DTS – Total x Panic Group | −.40 | −.14 | .00 | ns | |
| Criterion Variable: CAPS – Emotional Numbing Symptom Severity | |||||
| Step 1 | .16 | .001 | |||
| Number of Traumas | 1.75 | .17 | .03 | ns | |
| DTS – Total | −2.24 | −.24 | .05 | < .05 | |
| Panic Group | 1.69 | .18 | .03 | ns | |
| Step 2 | .00 | ns | |||
| Number of Traumas | 1.75 | .17 | .03 | ns | |
| DTS – Total | −.54 | −.18 | .00 | ns | |
| Panic Group | 1.68 | .18 | .03 | ns | |
| DTS – Total x Panic Group | −.19 | −.06 | .00 | ns | |
| Criterion Variable: CAPS – Hyperarousal Symptom Severity | |||||
| Step 1 | .23 | < .001 | |||
| Number of Traumas | 1.01 | .10 | .01 | ns | |
| DTS – Total | −2.59 | −.27 | .06 | .01 | |
| Panic Group | 2.73 | .28 | .07 | < .01 | |
| Step 2 | .04 | < .05 | |||
| Number of Traumas | 1.08 | .10 | .01 | ns | |
| DTS – Total | 1.30 | .41 | .01 | ns | |
| Panic Group | 2.73 | .27 | .06 | < .01 | |
| DTS – Total x Panic Group | −2.28 | −.71 | .04 | < .05 | |
Note: β = standardized beta weight; sr2 = Squared semi-partial correlation; CAPS – Total Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity (frequency + intensity); CAPS – Total Re-Experiencing Symptom Cluster Severity (frequency + intensity); CAPS – Total Avoidance Symptom Cluster Severity (frequency + intensity); CAPS – Emotional Numbing Symptom Cluster Severity (frequency + intensity); CAPS – Hyperarousal Symptom Cluster Severity (frequency + intensity); Total Number of Traumas endorsed, CAPS – Life Events Checklist (Blake et al., 1995); Distress Tolerance Scale – Total Score (Simons & Gaher, 2005); Panic Group (dichotomous variable): Nonclinical Panic Attack History, Past 2 Years (SCID; First et al., 1995)