Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Characteristic | High cereal fibre (n = 73) | Low GI (n = 79) | Significance of difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| p value | |||
| Age (years) | 62 ± 9 | 61 ± 10 | 0.669 |
| Sex (male/female, n/n) | 45/28 | 51/28 | 0.305/0.553 |
| Weight (kg) | 86 ± 16 | 87 ± 21 | 0.885 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31 ± 5 | 30 ± 6 | 0.732 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| European | 46 (63) | 57 (72) | 0.162 |
| Indian | 14 (19) | 11 (14) | 0.345 |
| Far Eastern | 3 (4) | 6 (8) | 0.254 |
| African | 8 (11) | 3 (4) | 0.113 |
| Hispanic | 1 (1) | 2 (3) | 0.500 |
| Native American | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.500 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 2 (3) | 8 (10) | 0.055 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 7.56 ± 1.52 | 7.64 ± 1.75 | 0.767 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.03 ± 0.46 | 7.17 ± 0.57 | 0.100 |
| No. participants <7 | 36 | 29 | 0.229 |
| No. participants ≥7 | 37 | 50 | 0.099 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.24 ± 0.75 | 4.18 ± 0.95 | 0.661 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.48 ± 0.64 | 2.47 ± 0.89 | 0.934 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.14 ± 0.28 | 1.06 ± 0.31 | 0.103 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.36 ± 0.71 | 1.42 ± 0.79 | 0.643 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128 ± 14 | 127 ± 16 | 0.727 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 9 | 73 ± 10 | 0.846 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 7 ± 6 | 9 ± 7 | 0.062 |
| Hypoglycaemic agents, n (%) | 73 (100) | 77 (97) | 0.403 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 25 (34) | 25 (32) | 0.556 |
| Biguanide | 58 (79) | 63 (80) | 0.358 |
| Sulfonylurea | 29 (40) | 49 (62) | 0.015 |
| Meglitinides (non-sulfonylurea) | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | 0.500 |
| Alpha glucosidase inhibitors | 2 (3) | 3 (4) | 0.500 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medications, n (%) | 46 (63) | 55 (70) | 0.539 |
| Blood pressure medications, n (%) | 52 (71) | 52 (66) | 0.213 |
Values are mean ± SD unless stated otherwise
Differences in categorical variables were assessed by binomial tests of equality
Differences in continuous variables were assessed by two-sample t test