Insulator functions in human WBCs in xenograft mice. Human CD34+ cells were transduced with rMpGFP with and without 250b HS4 R insulator, and infused in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγnull mice after peritoneal injection of busulfan (35 mg/kg). GFP expression of the human differentiated blood cells in vivo was compared by flow cytometry. In the human CD45+ fraction of murine peripheral blood cells, the insulator element decreased %GFP and MFIs in 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05 in t-test). There was no significant difference of CVs among the insulated and uninsulated (rMpGFP) vectors in all time points. GFP, green fluorescent protein; MFI, mean fluorescent intensity; WBC, white blood cell.