Schematic of an AO retinal imaging system. A beam of light is shined into the eye, and a small amount is reflected back out of the eye and into the optical system. Reflected light is split between a wavefront sensor, which measure the aberrations, and the image capturing device. Information about the aberrations of the wavefront, as measured by the wavefront sensor, is processed by a control system. The control system sends a signal to an active optical component, causing a shape change, which minimizes the wavefront aberration. Modified from Carroll et al. (2005), with permission.100 A color version of this figure is available online at www.opvissci.com.