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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Dec 14;32(1):16–24. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.11.002

Figure 1. S1P synthesis and degradation.

Figure 1

S1P is synthesized by the phosphorylation of the precursor sphingosine (Sph) mediated by sphingosine kinases (SphKs). S1P is irreversibly degraded by S1P lyase or dephosphorylated by S1P phosphatases. S1P regulates immune responses by signaling through plasma membrane G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1–S1P5) or acting on intracellular targets such as TRAF2. Cer, ceramide.