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Bactericidal activity of macrophages from TNFα-KO mice. The reduced killing of WT (A) or sseB mutant (B) Salmonella by untreated and IFN-γ-treated macrophages from TNFα-KO mice is manifest as early as 2 h after infection. The data represent the mean ± SEM of six to nine independent experiments. * P < 0.02 compared with WT controls.
