Fig. 1.

Morphologic changes in mesothelial cells from the effluent of a patient with primary spontaneous pneumothorax with IL-1β ± TGF-β1 treatment. Cells obtained from the irrigation effluent of primary spontaneous pneumothorax during operation were treated with media only, IL-1β (2 ng/mL), TGF-β1 (0.5 ng/mL), and IL-1β + TGF-β1, respectively. Phase images are in the first row, and immunofluorescence stains in the remaining rows. Cultured cells after cytokines treatment were stained with monoclonal antibodies against E-cadherin, cytokeratin, vimentin, and F-actin.