Table 2.
Quantitative measurements of the radius of histological zones following cryosurgery
| Treatment | Vascular Stasisb | Cryolesion (Histology)c | Central Necrosisd | Inflammationd | Thrombosis /ischemic necrosisd | Granulationd | Viable Tumord | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Cryo | 2.7±0.7 | e | 0.9±0.6 | 2.6±0.9 | 0.1±0.1 | NA | 1.4±0.3 | 
| TNF+Cryo | 3.8±0.8* | 3.9±0.6 | NA | 3.4±0.6 | 0.5±0.5 | NA | 1.1±0.2 | |
| Day 3 | Cryo | 3.3±0.5# | 3.3±0.6 | 1.0±0.7 | 1.9±0.8 | 0.5±0.4 | NA | 1.7±0.6 | 
| TNF+Cryo | 4.0±0.4* | 4.3±0.3* | 0.5±0.9 | 3.0±0.5* | 0.2±0.2 | 0.6±0.5 | 0.7±0.3* | |
| Day 7 | Cryo | 3.1±0.1 | 3.2±0.4 | 0.5±0.3 | 1.1±0.7 | 0.7±0.5 | 0.8±0.3 | 1.8±0.4 | 
| TNF+Cryo | 3.7±0.5* | 3.8±0.5* | NA | 2.4±0.5* | 0.8±0.4 | 0.6±0.5 | 1.2±0.5* | |
The values represent Mean ± SD of three to four Independent experiments for each treatment.
Radius of vascular stasis was measured by intravital microscopic imaging following FITC-dextran injection.
Radii of granulation tissue (outer bound of cryolesion) were measured from digitized H&E-stained sections (corrected for tissue shrinkage after histologic processing as described in Materials and Methods).
Radii of histological zones of central necrosis, inflammation, thrombosis/ischemic necrosis, granulation tissue influx, and viable tumor were measured from digitized H&E-stained sections (corrected for tissue shrinkage after histologic processing as described in Materials and Methods).
Cryolesion edge at day 1 after cryosurgery is imperceptible based on H&E-stained sections.
There was a significant change (p<0.05) in radius of vascular stasis from day 1 to day 3 as measured by intravital microscopic imaging.
Significant changes (p<0.05) between combinatorial (TNF-a + cryosurgery) therapy versus cryosurgery alone were seen in the radii of vascular stasis measured by intravital microscopic imaging, and in radii of histologic zones following cryosurgery.