Table 1.

Oligomerization of the α₁-adrenergic receptor subtypes.

Receptors	Trafficking	Pharmacology	Signaling	Ref.
α1a/α1b	Co-endocytosis	No change	–	19
α1b/α1d	↑ α1d Surface expression	↓ α1d Affinity for selective ligands	↑ Signaling	15
α1d/β2	↑ α1d Surface expression co-endocytosis	–	–	16
Homooligomers α1a, α1b, α1d	–	–	–	15,19