Table 3.
Histological Grading Scores
| Time | Group (N = 4)* |
Filling of Defect (Category 1) |
Cellular Morphology (Category 2) | Surface Architecture (Category 3) | Matrix Staining (Category 4) |
Tidemark (Category 5) | Integration (Category 6) | Subchondral Bone (Category 7) | Total Score | p Value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 weeks | C | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 11.5 ± 1.3 | 0.021 |
| F | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 8.5 ± 1.7 | 0.076 | |
| H | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | 0.655 | |
| H+F | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | ||
| 4 weeks | C | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 8.3 ± 3.5 | p = 0.353‡ |
| F | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 2.1 | ||
| H | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | ||
| H+F | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | ||
| 6 weeks | C | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 9.5 ± 1.3 | 0.014 |
| F | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 6.5 ± 3.1 | 0.014 | |
| H | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 1.000 | |
| H+F | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.0 | ||
| 8 weeks | C | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 0.013 |
| F | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 0.013 | |
| H | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 0.317 | |
| H+F | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 3.0 ± 0.0 | ||
| 12 weeks | C | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 0.019 |
| F | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.017 | |
| H | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 0.536 | |
| H+F | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | ||
*Group: C = control; F = fibrin; H = hyperbaric oxygen (HBO); H+F = HBO+fibrin; †A p value of 0.05 or less on the Mann-Whitney rank sum test was considered statistically significant for selective comparisons between the H+F group and other groups; ‡P value was 0.353 on the Kruskal-Wallis test, indicating that there was no significant difference between groups.