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. 2010 Oct 4;119(1):78–83. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002258

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Time course of influenza virus measured by qRT-PCR as ratio of influenza type B HA RNA to β-actin mRNA in NLF cells and cytokines in NLF, after inoculation with LAIV in healthy nonsmoking subjects (controls). Cytokine data are shown as fold change (Δ) from day 0 baseline, to illustrate differential responses among the cytokines. GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. All data points are shown as median for study day. IP-10, IL-6, and IFNγ but not other cytokines showed statistically significant increases (days 2–4) compared with day 0.