Table 1.
Subject characteristics and indices of tobacco smoke exposure.
| Parameter | Controls (n = 23) | SHS (n = 20) | Smokers (n = 17) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 24.4 ± 0.7 (19–30) | 23.7 ± 1.0 (19–33) | 23.9 ± 1.0 (18–35) |
| Sex (n; female/male) | 11/12 | 9/11 | 11/6 |
| BMI | 23.7 ± 0.7 (19.3–32.6) | 25.8 ± 1.0 (18.7–35.1) | 24.2 ± 1.1 (18.9–35.5) |
| SHS exposurea | 0.4 ± 0.1 (0.0–3.1) | 8.1 ± 2.7# (0.2–54.1) | 6.6 ± 1.5# (0.2–20.5) |
| Cigarettes smokedb | NA | NA | 10.7 ± 2.2 (0.0–37.2) |
| Urine cotininec | 0.9 ± 0.8 (0.0–19.5) | 2.4 ± 1.7 (0.0–34.7) | 26.4 ± 7.1# (2.7–116.8) |
NA, not applicable. Data are mean ± SE (range) except where otherwise indicated.
a
Estimated secondhand cigarettes exposed to per day, averaged from each subject’s self-reported estimates for study days –3 through 21.
b
Cigarettes smoked per day, averaged from each subject’s self-reported estimates for study days –3 through 21.
c
ng creatinine (× 100)/mg creatinine, averaged from each subject’s urine measurements on study days 0–4.
#
p < 0.001 vs. control, Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s posttest.