Panel A, location of the V3 region in HCV strains JFH1, H77C, Con1, J6 and selected consensus sequences. The V3 region of HCV 2a includes 28aa, whereas HCV 1a and 1b has 24-26aa. Panel B, Diagrams of the JFH1 (JFH) based HCV constructs. V3 was deleted in JFH-ΔV3. The V3 region was replaced with the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) gene in JFH-ΔV3-Rluc. The GDD motif of NS5B was changed to GND by site directed mutagenesis in JFH-GND to provide a negative control.