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. 2010 Dec 28;2011:175381. doi: 10.4061/2011/175381

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Accelerated activation of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway causes CKD, MetS, and CVD. Since TGF-β1 is a common target molecule and interactive regulator in those pathological conditions, manipulation of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway may be a useful approach for amelioration of mortality and morbidity in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors.