(a) Expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines after saline, meconium, or milk instillation (in pg/ml).

	Sal 8 hrs	Mec 4 hrs	Mec 8 hrs	Mec 24 hrs	Milk 4 hrs	Milk 8 hrs	Milk 24 hrs
TNFα (P < .05)	0.39 ± 0.11	0.80 ± 0.32	1.45 ± 0.84	1.24 ± 0.42	0.40 ± 0.11	0.43 ± 0.21	0.64 ± 0.18
IL-1β	0.29 ± 0.19	0.44 ± 0.22	0.33 ± 0.15	0.25 ± 0.12	0.12 ± 0.05	0.17 ± 0.05	0.65 ± 0.12
IL-6 (P < .05)	0.21 ± 0.14	0.44 ± 0.25	0.92 ± 0.34	0.81 ± 0.26	0.24 ± 0.05	0.19 ± 0.10	0.68 ± 0.12
IL-10	0.25 ± 0.09	0.23 ± 0.12	0.21 ± 0.17	0.27 ± 0.19	0.31 ± 0.27	0.16 ± 0.17	0.28 ± 0.14

Changes in cytokine levels within the saline-treated or milk-treated groups were not significant. In meconium group, cytokine levels increased significantly at 8 and 24 hrs.