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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 11.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2010 Aug;22(3):507–525. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000246

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The bidirectional model (Model 3). Mother Unsup, mothers’ unsupportive reactions or behaviors; EC, effortful control; INT, internalizing problems; EXT, externalizing problems; SES, socioeconomic status. Dashed lines indicate tested but not significant paths, and bold lines indicate significant bidirectional paths. Numbers are only present when paths/correlations are significant. The top numbers are unstandardized estimates, and the numbers in parentheses are standardized estimates. Child sex is coded 1 = male and 2 = female; χ2 (473; n = 265) = 698.91, p < .01, comparative fit index = 0.93, root mean square error of approximation = 0.04 (90% confidence interval = 0.04–0.05). *p < .05. **p < .01.