Table 1.
PM EF (dichot samples) of field burning based on carbon balance and emission ratios to CO2 (n=4)
| Field exp. | EF, g m −2 paddy | EF, g kg−1 of dry RS burned | RS Moist., % | MCE | Rice species | Dry mass, kg m−2 | Wind m s−1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | PM10 | CO2 | CO | PM2.5 | PM10 | CO2 | CO | ||||||
| Field 8 | 4.85 | 4.93 | 902 | 62 | 6.66 | 6.77 | 1238 | 85 | 33 | 0.940 | Pit 2 | 0.73 | 1.1 (N) |
| Field 9 | 4.25 | 4.86 | 1049 | 78 | 5.43 | 6.21 | 1339 | 100 | 26 | 0.937 | Path 1 | 0.78 | 3 (SE) |
| Field 10 | 5.75 | 6.02 | 533 | 50 | 10.85 | 11.35 | 1005 | 102 | 22 | 0.920 | Sup 90 | 0.53 | 1.2 (SW) |
| Field 11 | 5.40 | 7.03 | 533 | 50 | 10.19 | 13.27 | 1005 | 102 | 22 | 0.920 | Sup 90 | 0.53 | 1.2 (SW) |
| Average | 5.1±0.7 | 5.7±1.0 | 754±263 | 62±10 | 8.3±2.7 | 9.4±3.5 | 1147±169 | 97±8 | 26±5 | 0.93±0.01 | - | 0.64±0.13a | - |
EFCO2 estimated based on carbon were available only for the last 4 field experiments (8–11)
a
- Average dry biomass for all 11 fields is 0.58±0.14 kg m−2
Pit 2: Pisanulok 2; Path1: Pathumthani 1; Sup90: Supanburi 90
MCE: modified combustion efficiency; na: not available.