(A–B) NADPH concentrations were significantly increased when either Idh2 or Sirt3 or both were stably overexpressed in HEK293 cells. Measurements with errors are shown for the four different stable cell populations from each type of transfection (vector alone, Sirt3, Idh2 and Sirt3 with Idh2) (n = 3). *Significantly different from vector alone (P < 0.05), **Significantly different from Idh2 or Sirt3 (P < 0.05), (B) Western blotting confirms Idh2 and Sirt3 stable expression.
(C–D) Sirt3 and/or Idh2 overexpression is sufficient to protect HEK293 cells from the exogenous oxidants hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)(C) and menadione (D). The four different stable cells were transiently exposed to either 1 mM H2O2 or 25 µM menadione (n = 16). Data are means ± SEM.