Figure 3.

Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) on cell growth of M. gryphiswaldense during large scale culture in a 42 l fermentor. a: Cell growth and DO under initial airflow and stirring rate 0.3 l min^-1 and 100 r min^-1, respectively; stirring rate was increased by 40 r min^-1 at 14, 20, 28, and 40 hr, successively. b: Cell growth and DO under initial airflow and stirring rate 2.0 l min^-1 and 200 r min^-1; airflow was increased to 4, 8, 16 l min^-1 at at 24, 32, or 42 hr. c: Cell growth and DO under initial airflow and stirring rate 1.0 l min^-1 and 200 r min^-1; air flow and stirring rate were adjusted to 2 l min^-1 at 20 hr and 300 r min^-1 at 28 hr, respectively. d: relationships among concentration of sodium lactate (lac), ferric citrate (Fe³⁺), and cell growth. All experiments are repeated three times independently to prove it is reproducible.