Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios for high volume vs. lower volume chiropractic use
| High Volume Use (> 12 visits per CY) | ||
|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CIs) | Reference Category | |
| Demographic Factors | ||
| Age | 0.953 (0.905-1.003) | |
| Male | 0.742 (0.426-1.294) | Female |
| Race | ||
| African American | 0.813 (0.164-4.035) | White |
| Hispanic | 0.329 (0.044-2.472) | White |
| Other | > 999.99 (< 0.001- > 999.99) | White |
| Marital Status | ||
| Never Married | 1.182 (0.263-5.311) | Married |
| Separated/Divorced | 0.700 (0.149-3.298) | Married |
| Widowed | 1.421 (0.791-2.555) | Married |
| Socioeconomic Factors | ||
| Educational Attainment | ||
| Grade School | 1.115 (0.551-2.256) | Some High School |
| High School | 0.516 (0.282-0.943) | Some High School |
| Some College | 0.556 (0.290-1.067) | Some High School |
| Income Distribution | ||
| Income - First Quintile | 0.588 (0.185-1.870) | Fifth Quintile |
| Income - Second Quintile | 0.780 (0.386-1.578) | Fifth Quintile |
| Income - Third Quintile | 0.934 (0.452-1.931) | Fifth Quintile |
| Income - Fourth Quintile | 0.789 (0.443-1.405) | Fifth Quintile |
| One or More Health Insurance Policy | 1.752 (0.837-3.665) | Zero Additional Health Policies |
| Working for Pay | 0.978 (0.488-1.958) | |
| Able to Drive a Car | 0.866 (0.416-1.800) | |
| Geographic Location Measures | ||
| Northeast | 0.654 (0.157-2.735) | MidWest Region |
| New York/New Jersey | 1.594 (0.562-4.520) | MidWest Region |
| Mid-Atlantic | 1.650 (0.546-4.982) | MidWest Region |
| Southeast | 0.790 (0.296-2.107) | MidWest Region |
| North-Central | 1.903 (0.844-4.290) | MidWest Region |
| South-West | 1.153 (0.402-3.308) | MidWest Region |
| Mountain | 0.539 (0.051-5.698) | MidWest Region |
| West | 1.818 (0.639-5.169) | MidWest Region |
| Pacific-Northwest | 0.651 (0.170-2.491) | MidWest Region |
| Rural | 1.232 (0.691-2.196) | |
| Distance to Chiropractic College - Far | 1.612 (0.953-2.725) | Near (< 150 miles) |
| Disease History and Comorbidity | ||
| Zero Comorbid Conditions | 1.613 (0.674-3.863) | One Comorbid Condition |
| Two Comorbid Conditions | 0.568 (0.240-1.346) | One Comorbid Condition |
| Three or More Comorbid Conditions | 0.854 (0.182-4.011) | One Comorbid Condition |
| Arthritis Ever | 2.488 (1.097-5.645) | |
| Cancer Ever | 1.007 (0.392-2.582) | |
| Heart Condition Ever | 0.906 (0.388-2.117) | |
| Diabetes Now | 0.976 (0.369-2.584) | |
| Lung Disease Ever | 0.790 (0.264-2.366) | |
| Psych Problems Ever | 1.510 (0.532-4.290) | |
| Hip Fracture Ever | 0.613 (0.126-2.975) | |
| Hypertension Ever | 1.202 (0.513-2.818) | |
| Functional Status | ||
| Bothered by Pain Often | 0.835 (0.506-1.380) | |
| Difficulty Picking Up a Dime | 2.389 (1.080-5.281) | |
| Difficulty Lifting 10 Pounds | 0.843 (0.466-1.595) | |
| Difficulty Pushing/Pulling Large Object | 1.321 (0.743-2.347) | |
| Difficulty Climbing Flight of Stairs | 0.987 (0.512-1.902) | |
| Difficulty Walking Several Blocks | 1.057 (0.575-1.944) | |
| Number of ADLs with Difficulty | 0.817 (0.491-1.357) | |
| Number of IADLs with Difficulty | 0.532 (0.255-1.112) | |
| Depressive Symptoms - One or Two | 0.865 (0.529-1.414) | No Depressive Symptoms |
| Depressive Symptoms - Three or More | 1.009 (0.498-2.043) | No Depressive Symptoms |
| TICS 7 Score - Zero to Ten | 0.834 (0.428-1.627) | Eleven to Thirteen TICS 7 Score |
| TICS 7 Score - Fourteen to Fifteen | 1.112 (0.697-1.773) | Eleven to Thirteen TICS 7 Score |
| Health Lifestyles | ||
| Never Smoked | 0.802 (0.498-1.292) | Current or Former Smoker |
| Ever Drink Alcohol | 0.860 (0.542-1.363) | Never Drink Alcohol |
| Obese Weight (BMI ≥ 30) | 0.698 (0.340-1.432) | Normal Weight |
| Over Weight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 0.888 (0.555-1.421) | Normal Weight |
| Under Weight (BMI < 18.5) | 0.851 (0.131-5.584) | Normal Weight |
| Self-Rated Health | ||
| Excellent | 0.932 (0.335-2.597) | Poor Self-Rated Health |
| Very Good | 1.117 (0.442-2.822) | Poor Self-Rated Health |
| Good | 1.240 (0.515-2.986) | Poor Self-Rated Health |
| Fair | 1.131 (0.479-2.672) | Poor Self-Rated Health |
| Utilization of Health Services in Prior 12 months | ||
| Number of Hospitalizations | 1.172 (0.726-1.893) | |
| Number of Physician Visits - One or Less | 1.567 (0.987-2.488) | Two to Three Physician Visits |
| Number of Physician Visits - Four to Six | 1.107 (0.711-1.726) | Two to Three Physician Visits |
| Number of Physician Visits - Seven or More | 1.556 (0.918-2.636) | Two to Three Physician Visits |
| Supply of Physicians per 1000 - County level | 1.024 (0.880-1.192) | |
Note: Physician visit counts are in response to the question of how many visits to medical doctors the individual had made. Significant predictors at the 5% level are shown in bold face italics.