Table 3.
Occurrence and Intensity of Therapeutic Strategies Observed (total number of sessions=1215).
| Strategies Targeting Child N= 1184 sessions |
Any Occurrence Frequency (%) |
High Intensity Occurrence (%) |
Mean Intensity Overall ± SD* |
Strategies Targeting Parent N=851 sessions |
Any Occurrence Frequency (%) |
High Intensity Occurrence (%) |
Mean Intensity Overall ± SD* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THERAPEUTIC CONTENT | |||||||
| Affect Education | 81 | 10 | 2.58±1.43 | Addressing Child’s External Care |
69 | 9 | 2.86±1.52 |
|
Problem-Solving Skills |
55 | 6 | 2.48±1.43 | Affect Education | 48 | 1 | 2.09±1.10 |
| Parent-child Relationship |
47 | 3 | 2.19±1.21 | Addressing Parent Issues/ Care |
44 | 3 | 2.44±1.46 |
| Addressing Child’s External Care |
38 | 3 | 2.16±1.28 |
Problem-Solving Skills |
38 | 2 | 2.46±1.27 |
|
Affect/ Anger Management |
36 | 4 | 2.51±1.37 |
Parent-child Relationship |
36 | 3 | 2.59±1.30 |
| Family Members’ Roles |
32 | 2 | 2.10±1.22 | Family Members’ Roles |
35 | 2 | 2.28±1.28 |
| Improved Communication |
19 | 2 | 2.33±1.32 |
Principles of Limit Setting/Punish. |
28 | 2 | 2.33±1.29 |
| Principles of Pos. Reinforcement |
17 | 1 | 2.00±1.23 |
Principles of Pos. Reinforcement |
23 | 2 | 2.61±1.29 |
| Addressing Parent Issues/ Care |
17 | 1 | 2.03±1.21 |
Affect/ Anger Management |
17 | 1 | 2.15±1.61 |
|
Principles of Limit Setting/Punish. |
15 | 1 | 1.86±1.11 | Improved Communication |
14 | 1 | 2.39±1.40 |
| Cognitive Restructuring |
11 | <1 | 1.95±1.43 | Anticipating Setbacks |
10 | <1 | 1.89±1.00 |
|
Anticipating Setbacks |
6 | <1 | 1.94±1.61 | Cognitive Restructuring |
4 | <1 | 1.95±1.29 |
| Assessing Problems/ Events |
96 | 12 | 2.93±1.30 | Assessing Problems/ Events |
94 | 9 | 2.97±1.30 |
| Using Play/ Art | 84 | 14 | 2.88±1.51 | Psychoeducation | 81 | 13 | 3.26±1.48 |
|
Using Positive Reinforcement |
83 | 8 | 2.55±1.32 |
Establishing/ Reviewing Goals |
74 | 10 | 2.95±1.47 |
| Psychoeducation | 79 | 10 | 2.77±1.43 | Using Positive Reinforcement |
46 | <1 | 1.90±1.04 |
|
Establishing/ Reviewing Goals |
77 | 8 | 2.57±1.40 | Interpreting Meaning of Behavior |
35 | <1 | 2.04±1.18 |
| Interpreting Meaning of Behavior |
55 | 4 | 2.13±1.25 | Modeling | 23 | 2 | 2.26±1.37 |
|
Using Punishment/ Limit Setting |
51 | 3 | 2.06±1.20 | Identifying Strengths | 18 | <1 | 1.86±1.04 |
| Identifying Strengths | 48 | 2 | 2.04±1.12 | Using Play/ Art | 17 | 2 | 2.47±1.60 |
| Modeling | 44 | 4 | 2.39±1.37 | Exploring Family’s Past |
15 | 1 | 2.42±1.44 |
| Role-Play/ Practice | 35 | 6 | 2.79±1.56 |
Assigning/ Reviewing Homework |
13 | <1 | 2.44±1.31 |
| Therapist/ Client Relationship |
19 | 1 | 1.93±1.10 | Role-Play/ Practice | 8 | <1 | 2.53±1.28 |
|
Assigning/ Reviewing Homework |
16 | 2 | 2.48±1.33 | Therapist/ Client Relationship |
7 | <1 | 1.80±1.07 |
| Addressing Resistance | 16 | 1 | 2.14±1.20 | Using Punishment/ Limit Setting |
6 | <1 | 1.76±1.09 |
| Exploring Family’s Past |
15 | 1 | 2.02±1.31 | Addressing Resistance | 3 | 0 | 2.09±1.28 |
| Using Genograms | 0 | 0 | 2.80±1.64 | Using Genograms | 0 | 0 | 3.75±1.26 |
*
Mean intensity when observed, possible range = 1–6
NOTE: Strategies in bold type were previously identified as common in EB treatments (23).