TABLE 1.

Spirochetes isolated from bovine gastrointestinal tracts in this study

Sample	Biopsy date (day/mo/yr)	Farm and cowa	Location of isolation	BDD statusb	Selection antibioticsc	Treponeme(s) isolatedd
1	6/5/05	Farm 1, cow 1	Rectum	+	5r5e	IF
2	6/5/05	Farm 1, cow 2	Rectum	−	5r5e	IF
3	13/9/05	Farm 2, cow 1	Rectum	+	5r5e	IF
4	13/9/05	Farm 2, cow 2	Rectum	+	5r5e	IF
5	13/9/05	Farm 2, cow 3	Rectum	+	5r5e	IF
6	14/9/05	Farm 3, cow 1	Rectum	+	25r5e	IF
7	14/9/05	Farm 3, cow 1	Rumen	+	25r5e	IF
8	14/9/05	Farm 3, cow 2	Rectum	+	25r5e	IF
9	15/12/05	Farm 4, cow 1	Rumen	+	25r5e	IF
10	15/12/05	Farm 4, cow 1	Rectum	+	25r5e	IF
11	15/12/05	Farm 4, cow 1	Cecum	+	25r5e	IF
12	15/12/05	Farm 4, cow 1	Abomasum	+	25r5e	AC3
13	15/12/05	Farm 4, cow 1	Omasum	+	25r5e	OC1
14	15/12/05	Farm 4, cow 1	Colon	+	25r5e	CC2
15	4/01/06	Farm 5, cow 1	Rectum	+	25r5e	IF
16	4/01/06	Farm 5, cow 2	Rectum	+	25r5e	CHPA
17	15/11/06	Farm 6, cow 1	Urine	+	25r5e	IF
18	15/11/06	Farm 6, cow 1	Rectum	+	25r5e	IF
19	15/11/06	Farm 6, cow 2	Urine	+	25r5e	IF
20	15/11/06	Farm 6, cow 2	Rectum	+	25r5e	IF
21	16/6/09	Farm 7, bull 1	Rumen	−	25r5e	RU1, RU2
22	16/6/09	Farm 7, bull 2	Rectum	−	25r5e	RE1
23	16/6/09	Farm 7, heifer 1	Rumen	−	25r5e	IF
24	16/6/09	Farm 7, heifer 1	Abomasum	−	25r5e	IF
25	16/6/09	Farm 7, heifer 2	Rectum	−	25r5e	IF
26	16/6/09	Farm 7, heifer 2	Abomasum	−	25r5e	IF
27	7/10/09	Farm 8, cow 1	Rectum	+	25r5e	IF

^aAll farms listed were in Cheshire, and all animals tested were Holstein-Friesian cows.

^bWhether the animal had an active BDD lesion (+) or no lesion present (−).

^cAntibiotic concentration used in medium and on agar plates. Numbers are micrograms/milliliter. r, rifampin; e, enrofloxacin.

^dIF, isolation failed.