TABLE 5.

Comparison of resistances to selected antibiotics of Minjiang River basin E. coli isolates (this study) with those of E. coli isolates obtained in other studies from surface water, fecal material, retail meat, or clinical specimens

Source of isolate	% of isolates resistant							Reference
	Gentamicin	Streptomycin	Ampicillin	Ciprofloxacin	Norfloxacin	Tetracycline	Chloramphenicol
Minjiang River surface water (n = 200)	22	44	73	27	21	69	81	This study
Animal feces (United States) (n = 1,037)	0.8	13.2	5.6			28	1	15
Livestock waste lagoons (United States) (n = 2,008)		16	39			36		30
Retail meat [(beef; Canada) (n = 572)]	2	7	4	1		20	3	31
Chicken abattoir (Canada) (n = 170)	8	45	38	1		50	4	31
Swine on farm (n = 1,425)	2	37	38	0.1		80	20	31
Seine River downstream of STPa (France) (n = 104)	5.8			9.6		43.6	38	21
STP effluent (Austria) (n = 767)	0		16	0	0	35	8	34
Clinical isolates (China) (n = 732)	60			65				49
Wenyu River basin (China) (n = 388)	0		7.9			36		16

^aSTP, sewage treatment plant.