Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Power amplification in ballistic tongue projection. The jaw depressor of toads is active for 250 ms prior to mouth opening. Ballistic mouth opening occurs in about 20 ms with no EMG activity. This observed pattern is consistent with the use of elastic mechanisms that are loaded slowly during the pre-activation phase and released quickly during the ballistic phase. Gape angle is indicated in black and EMG signal in red (modified from Lappin et al., 2006).
