TABLE 2.
Measures of Exposure to H1N1, Susceptibility to H1N1 Complications, Access to Health Care, and Perceived Discrimination, by Race/Ethnicity: Knowledge Networks Online Research Panel, United States, 2009
| Characteristics | White, Non-Hispanic (n = 991), No. (%) or Mean (SE) | Black, Non-Hispanic (n = 194), No. (%) or Mean (SE) | Hispanic, Survey in English (n = 65), No. (%) or Mean (SE) | Hispanic, Survey in Spanish (n = 229), No. (%) or Mean (SE) | Pa |
| Measures of exposure | |||||
| Structural measures | |||||
| Working | 558 (55.6) | 95 (50.9) | 37 (61.5) | 120 (53.7) | .58 |
| Living in a metro area | 812 (80.2) | 172 (89.5) | 62 (95.2) | 209 (91.6) | < .001 |
| Living in an apartment building | 112 (12.3) | 63 (35.8) | 16 (22.2) | 67 (29.0) | < .001 |
| Adults in household | 2.15 (0.04) | 1.90 (0.08) | 2.19 (0.10) | 2.89 (0.10) | < .001 |
| Children aged < 18 y in household | 0.59 (0.04) | 0.64 (0.11) | 0.44 (0.11) | 1.72 (0.11) | < .001 |
| Work-related measures of inability to impose social distance | |||||
| Difficulty staying home from work for 7–10 db | 403 (42.4) | 82 (48.1) | 30 (42.9) | 174 (80.7) | < .001 |
| Not able to work at home | 429 (45.8) | 62 (29.9) | 27 (43.5) | 161 (75.2) | < .001 |
| Will not get paid if stays home from work | 346 (38.3) | 55 (29.1) | 24 (36.2) | 48 (23.6) | .009 |
| Does not have sick leave at job | 237 (26.1) | 43 (23.2) | 19 (33.3) | 135 (61.4) | < .001 |
| Could lose job or business if not able to go to work | 224 (26.5) | 43 (20.9) | 15 (23.1) | 120 (57.8) | < .001 |
| Job can only be done at workplace | 423 (45.4) | 66 (34.3) | 28 (47.3) | 155 (73.1) | < .001 |
| Index of work-related inability to impose social distance | 2.26 (0.09) | 1.84 (0.17) | 2.26 (0.29) | 3.73 (0.13) | < .001 |
| Other measures of inability to impose social distancec | |||||
| Difficulty obtaining day care not with a group of childrenb | 66 (7.3) | 32 (20.0) | 5 (6.1) | 118 (53.1) | < .001 |
| Difficulty avoiding public transportationb | 138 (15.2) | 67 (39.7) | 19 (34.0) | 112 (50.4) | < .001 |
| Measures of susceptibility | |||||
| Heart disease | 81 (8.6) | 10 (3.6) | 3 (2.8) | 1 (0.1) | < .001 |
| High blood pressure | 314 (30.7) | 89 (47.6) | 22 (33.1) | 12 (3.2) | < .001 |
| Cancer | 89 (6.4) | 14 (3.5) | 2 (1.6) | 7 (2.8) | .03 |
| Diabetes | 108 (10.5) | 35 (13.1) | 10 (11.6) | 23 (9.7) | .79 |
| Asthma | 85 (9.3) | 21 (12.3) | 7 (9.2) | 18 (7.5) | .59 |
| Lung disease | 42 (4.2) | 7 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | .08 |
| Immunosuppression | 116 (11.5) | 29 (14.2) | 4 (6.2) | 24 (10.9) | .53 |
| Index of susceptibilityc | 0.82 (0.04) | 0.99 (0.09) | 0.64 (0.12) | 0.34 (0.05) | < .001 |
| Measures of access to health care | |||||
| No regular health care provider | 113 (14.9) | 31 (20.0) | 12 (17.9) | 134 (63.2) | < .001 |
| No health insurance | 123 (16.3) | 45 (26.6) | 15 (24.9) | 154 (75.1) | < .001 |
| Lack of insurance or money makes it difficult to get flu shot | 184 (23.0) | 37 (23.3) | 16 (24.2) | 96 (43.6) | < .001 |
| Index of difficulty with access to health carec | 0.54 (0.04) | 0.70 (0.10) | 0.67 (0.15) | 1.83 (0.08) | < .001 |
| Measure of discrimination | |||||
| Ever experienced discrimination/hassle when seeking health care | 43 (6.2) | 50 (25.3) | 10 (14.9) | 87 (40.8) | < .001 |
Note. Numbers are unweighted; percentages and means (SE) are weighted. Total sample sizes may differ slightly for some items because of missing data.
P value for difference by race/ethnicity from adjusted Pearson χ2 test for categorical data and from adjusted Wald F test for continuous measures.
Percentage responding somewhat difficult or very difficult.
Each index was a summative score of responses to survey questions, weighting each high-risk response 1 and each low- or no-risk response 0; thus, a higher index value indicates greater difficulty in social distancing, greater susceptibility, and less access to treatment.