Fig. 1.

A quantitative evaluation of mucosal thickness in the middle ear cavity throughout the course of otitis media. Mucosal thickness is greater in mice lacking key Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling genes than in wild-type (WT) mice (n = 6–8 middle ears per time point). Bars represent the mean ± SEM. ^aSignificantly different from WT (P < 0.05). MyD88—myeloid differentiation factor-88; NTHi—nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae; TRIF—Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain containing adaptor inducing interferon-β