TABLE 4.

Soluble Protein Analysis

	H	ES	LT	P
EPO (pg/mL)	2.8 ± 1.8	3.0 ± 2	5.1 ± 4.2†	0.004**
CRP (pg/mL)	13.8 ± 13	77 ± 90 ¶	42 ± 83	0.109
ICAM1 (pg/mL)	1.4 ± 0.5	2.7 ± 1.8¶	1.6 ± 0.1 #	0.382
VCAM1 (pg/mL)	2.43 ± 0.9	3.58 ± 2.01	3.22 ± 1.31	0.071

^*P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.01 H indicates healthy; ES, early stage diabetes; LT, long term diabetes. Post-hoc comparison significance levels (not adjusted for multiple comparisons)

^†P < 0.01 LT vs. H,

^‡P <0.01 ES vs. H,

^§P < 0.01 LT vs. ES.

^‖P< 0.05 LT vs. H,

^¶P < 0.05 ES vs. H,

^#P < 0.05 LT vs. ES

P calculated by JT test to test for differences between the three groups. Post-hoc analyses between patient groups used the two sample Wilcoxon test.