Table 2.

Univariate Associations Between Covariate Measures and Repeated Body Mass Index Measurement over Time Using Mixed-Effect Modeling

	Parameter Estimate (Standard Error Estimate) P-Value
Variable	Main Effect	Interaction with Time (Slope)
Age	−0.200 (0.029) <.001	−0.012 (0.003) <.001
Female	0.837 (0.347) .02	−0.113 (0.031) <.001
Education	−0.028 (0.057) .63	0.009 (0.005) .07
Alcohol
Current	−0.482 (0.304) .11	−0.005 (0.038) .89
Past	−0.361 (0.288) .21	−0.009 (0.031) .77
Never	Reference	Reference
Smoking
Current	−1.291 (0.355) <.001	−0.018 (0.040) .65
Past	−0.365 (0.301) .22	0.015 (0.030) .60
Never	Reference	Reference
History of
Cancer	−0.020 (0.235) .93	0.0048 (0.035) .89
Hypertension	−0.143 (0.283) .61	−0.102 (0.040) .01
Diabetes mellitus	0.610 (0.214) .004	0.049 (0.030) .10
Heart attack	0.152 (0.212) .47	−0.003 (0.030) .91
Stroke	−0.062 (0.229) .79	−0.021 (0.039) .60
Depression	0.207 (0.233) .37	0.007 (0.039) .85

Each model includes one covariate, main effect of time and time squared, and an interaction term between the covariate and time.