A. Activating EGFR signaling induced Jak/Stat signaling in the midgut. The expression levels of Drosophila cytokines (upds) and downstream target gene, Socs36E, in the midgut were analyzed by RT-qPCR. B. Induction of vn expression in the midgut by Jak/Stat signaling as quantified by RT-qPCR. Jak/Stat signaling was activated in the VM by ectopic expression of Upd in the ECs (MyoIAts>Upd) or Hop directly in the VM (24Bts>Hop). C, D. Induction of the upd-lacZ reporter in the midgut epithelium by activated Ras (esgtsF/O>RasV12, D). E, F. Induction of the Upd3.1-lacZ reporter in ECs by activated Ras (MyoIAts>RasV12, F). G, H. Induction of the vn-lacZ reporter in the VM by ectopic expression of Upd (MyoIAts>Upd, H).