TABLE II.
Naive approach |
Proposed method |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | True value | Bias | RMSE | Bias | RMSE |
κ | −5.000 | −0.060 | 0.024 | −0.024 | 0.017 |
β X | 1.099 | 0.063 | 0.045 | 0.005 | 0.038 |
β A1 | 0.693 | −0.043 | 0.019 | −0.007 | 0.013 |
β A2 | 0.000 | −0.046 | 0.022 | 0.002 | 0.014 |
β AX1 | 0.693 | 0.169 | 0.064 | 0.005 | 0.028 |
β AX2 | 0.693 | 0.113 | 0.049 | 0.005 | 0.026 |
PMi | 0.250 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
pr(X = 1) | 0.500 | 0.002 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
The results are based on 500 samples of 1,000 cases and 1,000 controls. Genotype is simulated at the two marker loci with PMi = 0.25, i = 1,2. The environmental covariate (X) is binary and measured with error with misclassification probabilities with misclassification probabilities being 0.20 for exposed and 0.25 for non-exposed subjects. Probability of disease is 0.0069 and is assumed to be known in the population. The data are simulated and analyzed under the additive effect model and the LD measure Δm1 m2 = 0.02. RMSE, root mean-squared error.