Table 7.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for herb use and TCAM use, bivariate and multivariate analyses
| Bivariate analyses | Multivariate analyses | |||||||||
| Herb use | TCAM use | Herb use | TCAM use | |||||||
| Variable | % | Cr OR (95% CI) | P | % | Cr OR (95% CI) |
P | Adj OR (95% CI) |
P | Adj OR (95% CI) | P |
|
Sex Female (n=370) Male (n=139) |
7.2 10.6 |
1.00 (reference) 1.53 (0.71–3.01) |
.22 | 30.5 22.0 |
1.00 0.64 (0.40–1.03) |
.06 | --- | --- | ||
|
Age in years Not using (herbs or TCAM) Using (herbs or TCAM) |
36.8(9.9) 34.5(9.1) |
1.00 0.98 (0.95–1.02) |
.26 | 36.3(9.8) 34.5(9.1) |
1.00 0.97 (0.95–1.00) |
.02 | --- | 1.00 0.98 (0.96–1.01) |
.156 | |
|
Educational level Low (None-up to Grade 7) High (Grade 8 or more) |
6.1 8.6 |
1.00 1.45 (0.72–2.93) |
.301 | 20.9 31.7 |
1.00 1.76 (1.16–2.67) |
.008 | --- | 1.00 1.67 (1.03–2.78) |
.049 | |
|
Residence Rural (n=388) Urban (n=227) |
9.8 5.1 |
0.39(0.18–0.88) | .02 | 30.0 24.4 |
1.00 0.71 (0.46–1.10) |
.13 | 1.00 1.04 (0.44–2.48) |
.927 | --- | |
|
Employed No Yes |
9.3 4.4 |
1.00 0.45 (0.17–1.17) |
.099 | 26.0 32.7 |
1.00 1.38 (0.88–2.18) |
1.62 | --- | --- | ||
|
Being on a disability grant (chronic illness including AIDS) (n=128) No Yes |
5.0 10.9 |
1.00 2.34 (1.16–4.67) |
.02 | 30.1 25.7 |
1.00 0.80 (0.54–1.18) |
.26 | 1.00 2.45 (1.11–5.41) |
.026 | --- | |
|
Having a health insurance No Yes |
9.0 2.6 |
1.00 0.27 (0.06–1.15) |
.08 | 28.7 22.4 |
1.00 0.71 (0.40–1.27) |
.26 | --- | |||
|
CD4 count ≤200 >200 |
9.1 2.4 |
1.00 0.24 (0.06–1.03) |
.06 | 26.7 33.3 |
1.00 1.37 (0.83–2.27) |
.22 | --- | |||
|
Time since HIV diagnosis 2006-1995 2007/8 |
8.9 7.2 |
1.00 0.79 (0.38–1.64) |
.53 | 32.0 25.7 |
1.00 0.74 (0.47–1.15) |
.18 | --- | |||
|
Hospital admission in past 6 months No Yes |
8.0 7.5 |
1.00 0.93 (0.32–2.73) |
.90 | 28.2 24.5 |
1.00 0.83 (0.43–1.60) |
.57 | --- | |||
|
Number of HIV symptoms Not using (herbs or TCAM) Using (herbs or TCAM) |
M(SD) 1.21(2.4) 1.25(4.2) |
1.00 1.01 (0.89–1.14) |
.93 | M(SD 1.20(2.5) 1.28(3.0) |
1.01 (0.94–1.09) | .77 | --- | |||
|
Overall Quality of Life (range 1–5) Not using (herbs or TCAM) Using (herbs or TCAM) |
4.4(0.7) 4.0(0.4) |
1.00 0.49 (0.33–0.73) |
.000 | 4.4 (0.7) 4.1 (0.6) |
1.00 0.50 (0.37–0.67) |
.000 | 1.00 0.97 (0.50–1.89) |
.937 | 1.00 0.59 (0.42–0.83) |
.003 |
|
Missed medication to avoid side effects No Yes |
5.7 35.9 |
1.00 9.23 (4.31–19.75) |
.000 | 26.0 48.7 |
1.00 2.70 (1.40–5.23) |
.003 | 1.00 3.00 (1.24–7.22) |
.014 | 1.00 1.87 (0.85–4.14) |
.121 |
|
Suspended ART because of side effects No Yes |
7.6 13.0 |
1.00 1.83 (0.52–6.44) |
.347 | 27.6 27.3 |
1.00 0.99 (0.38–2.57) |
.975 | --- | --- | ||
|
Understanding of T-helper (CD4) count No or some Yes |
4.1 9.9 |
1.00 2.53 (1.09–5.84) |
.030 | 35.7 24.0 |
1.00 0.57 (0.38–0.85) |
.006 | 1.00 0.96 (0.35–2.64) |
.934 | 1.00 0.54 (0.33–0.89) |
.016 |
|
HIV disease & HIV treatment related knowledge (better informed than most) No Yes |
3.3 9.0 |
1.00 3.03 (1.06–8.68) |
.039 | 9.0 33.9 |
1.00 5.17 (2.68–9.94) |
.000 | 1.00 0.21 (0.04–1.10) |
.064 | 1.00 3.25 (1.51–7.01) |
.003 |
|
Information involvement score Low High |
17.1 1.9 |
1.00 0.10 (0.04–0.23) |
.000 | 37.7 21.5 |
1.00 0.45 (0.31–0.67) |
.000 | 1.00 0.50 (0.12–2.07) |
.337 | 1.00 0.97 (0.52–1.83) |
.930 |
|
Degree of trust in medical provider score Low High |
16.3 1.7 |
1.00 0.09 (0.03–0.23) |
.000 | 37.7 20.6 |
1.00 0.43 (0.29–0.64) |
.000 | 1.00 0.39 (0.08–2.01) |
.259 | 1.00 1.21 (0.64–2.30) |
.555 |
|
Decision involvement score Low |
1.7 | 1.00 | 17.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| High | 16.0 | 10.84 (4.17–28.18) | .000 | 41.6 | 3.37 (2.24–5.06) | .000 | 2.50 (0.63–9.96) | .195 | 3.71 (2.02–6.82) | .000 |
|
Discrimination by care provider No |
7.7 | 1.00 | 28.0 | 1.00 | --- | --- | ||||
| Yes | 14.3 | 2.00 (0.43–9.29) | .374 | 21.4 | 0.70 (0.19–2.55) | .588 | ||||
|
Seen ARV treatment buddy No |
2.4 | 1.00 | 25.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 24.4 | 13.36 (6.17–28.91 | .000 | 34.6 | 1.54 (1.00–2.36) | .049 | 5.27 (0.54–51.15) | .152 | 0.70 (0.16–3.14) | .641 |
|
Seen someone for counselling/support No |
2.6 | 1.00 | 25.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 25.2 | 12.80 (6.06–27.06) | .000 | 35.2 | 1.59 (1.03–2.46) | .037 | 0.85 (0.10–7.49) | .846 | 0.65 (0.14–2.96) | .575 |
| Nagelkerke R Square | .34 | .23 | ||||||||