TABLE 2.
Reports of human cases of Arcobacter spp., 1988 to 2004a
| Country | Age of patient (sex) | Underlying disease(s) or condition(s) | Clinical symptom(s) | Species | Detection or isolation | Identification method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chile | 2 yr 6 mo (male), 1 yr (female) | Not specified | Chronic diarrhea | A. butzleri | Filter method | Biochemical | 48 |
| Belgium | 73 yr (male) | Prosthetic aortic heart valve | Chronic diarrhea | A. skirrowii | Filter method | m-PCR | 168 |
| Hong Kong | 69 yr (female) | Gangrenous appendicitis | Bacteremia | A. butzleri | Not specified | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 100 |
| Hong Kong | 7 yr (male) | Suffocation in a mud pool | Bacteremia | A. cryaerophilus | Blood culture | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 167 |
| Taiwan | 60 yr (male) | Chronic hepatitis B carrier, liver cirrhosis | Bacteremia | A. butzleri | Bactec 9240 aerobic bottle | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 169 |
| Taiwan | 72 yr (female) | Chronic renal failure, hemodialysis with arteriovenous fistula | Bacteremia | A. cryaerophilus | Bactec 6A aerobic bottle | Biochemical. fatty acid analysis | 78 |
| Neonate | Mother had prenatal bleeding | Bacteremia | A. butzleri | Biochemical | 123 | ||
| Germany | 48 yr (male), 52y (female) | Diabetes mellitus I hyperuricemia, alcohol abuse | Diarrhea, abdominal cramps | A. butzleri | Campylobacter selective medium | Biochemical | 102 |
| Italy | 3 to 7 yrb | Not specified | Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever | A. butzleri | Campylobacter selective medium | Polyphasic identificationc | 151 |
| Unknown | 2 yr (female) | Not specified | Gastroenteritis | A. butzleri | Yersinia selective agar | Not specified | 16 |
| Australia | 35 yr (male) | Not specified | Chronic diarrhea | A. cryaerophilus | Blood agar with antibiotics | Polyphasic identificationc | 144 |
a
No more cases have been reported since then.
b
Ten children (6 girls and 4 boys).
c
Biochemical, fatty acid, DNA-DNA hybridization, etc.