TABLE 5.

Phenotypic characteristics of all Arcobacter species^a

Characteristic	A. nitrofigilis	A. cryaerophilus	A. butzleri	A. skirrowii	A. cibarius	A. halophilus	A. mytili	A. thereius	A. marinus	A. trophiarum	A. defluvii	A. molluscorum
Enzyme activity
Catalase	+	+	V	+	V	−	+b	+	−	+	+b	+
Urease	+	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	+	−
Nitrate reduction	+	+c	+	+	−	+	+d	+	+	−	+	+e
Indoxyl acetate hydrolysis	+	+	+	+	+	+	−	+	+	+	+	−
Growth conditions
O2 at 37°C	V	V	+	+	−	+	+	−	+	−	+	+
mO2 at 37°C	−	V	+	+	+	+	+	−	+	−	+	+
1% (wt/vol) glycine	−	−	−	−	−	+f	+	+	+f	Vg	−	−
4% (wt/vol) NaCl	+	−	−	+	−	+	+	−	+	−	−	+
MacConkey agar	−	V	+	−	+	−f	+	V	−f	Vh	+	+
Minimal medium	−	−i	+	−	+	−f	−	+	−f	−g	+	−
Resistance to cefoperazone (64 mg liter−1)	−	+	+	+	+	−f	−	+	−f	+	V	+

^aData are from references 24, 28, 34, 35, 52, 74, 75, 94, and 121. +, ≥95% of strains positive; −, ≤11% of strains positive; V, 12 to 94% of strains positive. O₂, aerobic conditions; mO₂, microaerobic conditions.

^bWeak reaction (24, 28).

^cTwo of the four strains tested by Collado et al. (24) (LMG 9904^T and LMG 9065) were negative.

^dNitrate reduction was found to be positive for the three strains of A. mytili, in contradiction to previously published data (24, 52).

^eNitrate is reduced after 72 h and 5 days for all strains under microaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively (52).

^fData from reference 52, all tested in medium supplemented with 2% NaCl.

^gTest not evaluated by De Smet et al. (34) and tested by Figueras et al. (52) (n = 3).

^hStrains LMG 25534^T and LMG 25535 of A. trophiarum and strain FE2 (CECT 7650) of this species grew on MacConkey agar (52), in contrast to the 80% positive response described for this species (34).

ⁱTwo of the four strains tested by Collado et al. (24) (LMG 7537 and LMG 10241) were positive.