Loss of SbcCD and loss of RpoS are mutually epistatic for Pol IV-dependent, growth-dependent mutation. Mutation rates were determined from 36-culture fluctuation tests and were calculated by the MSS maximum-likelihood method; bars show 95% confidence levels (28, 60). All strains carried pPFG96 with Pol IV overexpressed under the control of the araBAD promoter. rpoS::Cm/pdinB++, PFG420; rpoS::Cm ΔsbcC/pdinB++, PFG989; rpoS::Cm ΔsbcD/pdinB++, PFG990; rpoS::Cm ΔsbcDC/pdinB++, PFG991.