TABLE 4.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to case status1
| Cases (n = 99) | Controls (n = 291) | P value2 | |
| Matching factors | |||
| Age (y) | 61 ± 63 | 61 ± 6 | NA |
| Current smoker (%) | 23 | 23 | NA |
| History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 40 | 40 | NA |
| Cardiovascular disease risk factors | |||
| Parental history of coronary disease (%) | 28 | 19 | 0.06 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 61 | 45 | 0.01 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 21 | 8 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 5.4 | 26.4 ± 5.0 | 0.29 |
| Activity (MET-h/wk) | 16.5 ± 18.9 | 16.6 ± 19.3 | 0.97 |
| Drug therapy (%) | |||
| Hormone therapy at blood draw | 32 | 37 | 0.36 |
| Aspirin use >22 d/mo | 25 | 18 | 0.10 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 27 | 16 | 0.02 |
| Magnesium supplements | 2 | 3 | 0.75 |
| Nutrients | |||
| Plasma magnesium (mg/dL) | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0.009 |
| Magnesium intake (mg/d) | 296 ± 65 | 308 ± 70 | 0.11 |
| Potassium intake (mg/d) | 2956 ± 629 | 2934 ± 525 | 0.92 |
| Calcium intake (mg/d) | 1023 ± 483 | 1007 ± 498 | 0.78 |
| Vitamin D intake (IU/d) | 311 ± 208 | 373 ± 248 | 0.06 |
| Omega-3 fatty acid intake (% of energy) | 0.13 ± 0.13 | 0.15 ± 0.14 | 0.29 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 6.5 ± 11.9 | 6.3 ± 12.7 | 0.92 |
1
MET-h, metabolic equivalent task hours; NA, not applicable.
2
P values were calculated by using repeated-measures linear regression models (Proc Mixed in SAS; SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC) for continuous variables and generalized estimating equations for categorical variables.
3
Mean ± SD (all such values).