TABLE 3.
Plasma phenylalanine, leucine, and glucose concentrations and phenylalanine and glucose tracer-to-tracee ratios (TTR) during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during the hyperinsulinemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamp before and after corn oil supplementation (n = 7)1
| Concentration |
Enrichment (TTR) |
|||||||||
| Phenylalanine |
Leucine |
Glucose |
Phenylalanine |
Glucose |
||||||
| Time | Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | Before | After |
| μmol/L | μmol/L | mmol/L | ||||||||
| Basal conditions | ||||||||||
| 60 min | 65 ± 6 | 68 ± 9 | 120 ± 7 | 120 ± 9 | 5.31 ± 0.17 | 5.26 ± 0.16 | 0.0928 ± 0.0086 | 0.0928 ± 0.0079 | — | — |
| 90 min | 65 ± 8 | 58 ± 5 | 117 ± 9 | 110 ± 8 | — | — | 0.1019 ± 0.0097 | 0.0962 ± 0.0091 | — | — |
| 120 min | 58 ± 8 | 65 ± 10 | 99 ± 6 | 122 ± 16 | 5.35 ± 0.20 | 5.18 ± 0.12 | 0.1128 ± 0.0120 | 0.0987 ± 0.0081 | — | — |
| 150 min | 64 ± 8 | 62 ± 10 | 114 ± 10 | 111 ± 14 | — | — | 0.1131 ± 0.0087 | 0.1085 ± 0.0097 | — | — |
| 180 min | 68 ± 9 | 69 ± 8 | 119 ± 8 | 131 ± 7 | 5.30 ± 0.19 | 5.09 ± 0.13 | 0.1132 ± 0.0069 | 0.1083 ± 0.0098 | — | — |
| 210 min | 69 ± 11 | 70 ± 4 | 120 ± 14 | 122 ± 5 | 5.30 ± 0.23 | 5.08 ± 0.14 | 0.1166 ± 0.0104 | 0.1023 ± 0.0073 | 0.0220 ± 0.0014 | 0.0222 ± 0.0014 |
| 220 min | — | — | — | — | 5.28 ± 0.22 | 5.08 ± 0.14 | — | — | 0.0218 ± 0.0015 | 0.0222 ± 0.0015 |
| 230 min | — | — | — | — | 5.26 ± 0.23 | 5.07 ± 0.13 | — | — | 0.0218 ± 0.0017 | 0.0225 ± 0.0016 |
| 240 min | 74 ± 11 | 75 ± 12 | 132 ± 13 | 137 ± 11 | 5.28 ± 0.23 | 5.10 ± 0.14 | 0.1192 ± 0.0102 | 0.1090 ± 0.0089 | 0.0224 ± 0.0019 | 0.0218 ± 0.0015 |
| Mean ± SEM | 66 ± 8 | 66 ± 8 | 117 ± 8 | 121 ± 7 | 5.30 ± 0.21 | 5.12 ± 0.13 | 0.1099 ± 0.0091 | 0.1030 ± 0.0087 | 0.0220 ± 0.0016 | 0.0222 ± 0.0015 |
| Hyperinsulinemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamp | ||||||||||
| 270 min | 101 ± 13 | 99 ± 18 | 184 ± 16 | 168 ± 11 | 5.42 ± 0.20 | 5.47 ± 0.07 | 0.1206 ± 0.0059 | 0.1132 ± 0.0110 | — | — |
| 300 min | 104 ± 13 | 118 ± 16 | 164 ± 11 | 197 ± 12 | 5.46 ± 0.19 | 5.52 ± 0.07 | 0.1193 ± 0.0075 | 0.0996 ± 0.0055 | — | — |
| 330 min | 113 ± 18 | 127 ± 20 | 166 ± 25 | 196 ± 25 | 5.64 ± 0.06 | 5.58 ± 0.07 | 0.1014 ± 0.0087 | 0.0996 ± 0.0049 | — | — |
| 360 min | 130 ± 17 | 126 ± 16 | 181 ± 15 | 177 ± 13 | 5.62 ± 0.06 | 5.60 ± 0.07 | 0.1019 ± 0.0062 | 0.0979 ± 0.0055 | — | — |
| 390 min | 117 ± 20 | 111 ± 11 | 151 ± 18 | 159 ± 19 | 5.57 ± 0.07 | 5.60 ± 0.06 | 0.0985 ± 0.0087 | 0.0983 ± 0.0054 | 0.0249 ± 0.0018 | 0.0254 ± 0.0012 |
| 400 min | — | — | — | — | 5.55 ± 0.06 | 5.59 ± 0.05 | — | — | 0.0247 ± 0.0016 | 0.0255 ± 0.0012 |
| 410 min | — | — | — | — | 5.55 ± 0.06 | 5.59 ± 0.08 | — | — | 0.0255 ± 0.0017 | 0.0260 ± 0.0011 |
| 420 min | 130 ± 20 | 118 ± 15 | 164 ± 18 | 155 ± 17 | 5.51 ± 0.06 | 5.60 ± 0.05 | 0.1015 ± 0.0057 | 0.0988 ± 0.0057 | 0.0253 ± 0.0016 | 0.0260 ± 0.0011 |
| Mean ± SEM | 116 ± 142 | 117 ± 142 | 168 ± 122 | 176 ± 132 | 5.54 ± 0.082 | 5.57 ± 0.042 | 0.1054 ± 0.005 | 0.1007 ± 0.0059 | 0.0251 ± 0.00162 | 0.0256 ± 0.00102 |
All values are means ± SEMs. ANOVA on the “before” values from Tables 3 and 4 with group (corn oil compared with omega-3 fatty acid) and study stage (basal compared with clamp) as the factors showed no significant between-group differences (all P ≥ 0.10) or group × study stage interactions (all P ≥ 0.36).
Significantly different from corresponding “basal” value, P < 0.001 [ANOVA on values from the corn oil group presented here with study stage (basal compared with clamp) and time (before compared with after intervention) as factors].