Table 1.

Sample sizes and pathway destinies for larvae of P. napi, A. levana and P. aegeria that were transferred between long day and short day treatments in different instars (left side of table); the models obtained from a logistic regression with pathway [diapause (0), direct (1)] used as response variable and the sex of each larva and the instar of transfer used as predictor variables (right side of table)

Instar	Pathway			Statistics (log. regr.)
	Direct	Diapause	Dir. dev. (%)		χ 2	df	P
P. napi
Long day → short day
I	1	29	3.3
II–III	2	32	6.3	Sex	0.29	1	0.5886
IV	11	24	31.4	Instar moved	86	4	<0.001
V	49	7	87.5
Short day → long day
I	26	0	100
II–III	44	1	97.8	Sex	0.046	1	0.83
IV	43	2	95.6	Instar moved	73.9	4	<0.001
V	22	34	39.3
A. levana
Long day → short day
I	0	29	0
II	0	29	0	Sex	0.68	1	0.41
III	0	28	0	Instar moved	126.5	4	<0.001
IV	11	18	37.9
V	27	0	100
Short day → long day
I	30	0	100
II	26	0	100	Sex	0.14	1	0.71
III	29	0	100	Instar moved	54.8	4	<0.001
IV	29	0	100
V	15	15	50
P. aegeria
Long day → short day
II	0	10	0	Sexa	7.45	1	0.0063
III	0	22	0	Instar moved	57.1	2	<0.001
IV	7a	24a	22.6
Short day → long day
II	12	0	100	Sex	NAb	NA	NA
III	28	0	100	Instar moved	NA	NA	NA
IV	22	0	100

Significant differences are highlighted in bold

^aSix of 13 males entered diapause whereas only 1 of 18 females entered diapause when transferred to the short day treatment in the ultimate instar

^bNo variation in dataset