Table 2.
Glucose Homeostasis, Lipid, Anthropometric Assessment
| Cross-Sectional Study | Longitudinal Study | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cohort (n=47) | Baseline (n=39) | Last Visit (n=39) | ||
| Glucose | - | - | - | - |
| Fasting glucose – mg/dl | 86.3 ± 10.0 | 85.9 ± 10.2 | 90.9 ± 12.5 | 0.06 |
| 2-hr OGTT glucose – mg/dl | 108.1± 31.4 | 109.7 ± 31.5 | 104.3 ± 29.2 | 0.3 |
| Fasting insulin - μIU/ml | 19.7 ± 18.5 | 21.2 ± 19.9 | 20.3 ± 22.7 | 0.8 |
| 2-hr OGTT insulin - μIU/ml | 94.5 ± 119.7 | 99.6 ± 128.1 | 78.1 ± 70.6 | 0.1 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.4 ± 4.5 | 4.8 ± 4.9 | 5.1 ± 7.8 | 0.8 |
| Lipids | - | - | - | - |
| Total Cholesterol (TC) mg/dL | 177 ± 42 | 174 ± 43 | 165 ± 45 | 0.2 |
| HDL Cholesterol mg/dL | 44 ± 10 | 45 ± 10 | 43 ± 12 | 0.3 |
| LDL Cholesterol mg/dL | 106 ± 30 | 103 ± 27 | 95 ± 38 | 0.2 |
| TC/HDL ratio | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 0.7 |
| Triglycerides mg/dL | 248 ± 266 | 226 ± 216 | 177 ± 151 | 0.07 |
| Anthropometrics | - | - | - | - |
| Height (cm) | 161.2 ± 11.9 | 162.2 ± 10.0 | 164.7 ± 8.9 | 0.003 |
| Weight (kg) | 56.5 ± 12.7 | 57.8 ± 11.8 | 63.7 ± 12.4 | 0.0001 |
| Body-mass index (kg/ m2) | 21.6 ± 3.4 | 21.9 ± 3.4 | 23.5 ± 4.4 | 0.0002 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.90 ± 0.15 | 0.3 |
| Percent body fat (%) | 19.4 ± 8.0 | 19.9 ± 8.1 | 22.5 ± 9.8 | 0.0006 |
| Percent trunk fat (%) | 18.2 ± 8.7 | 19.0 ± 8.9 | 22.1 ± 11.1 | 0.002 |
| Percent leg fat (%) | 20.8 ± 9.7 | 20.8 ± 9.6 | 23.2 ± 11.2 | 0.008 |
Note. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, except as indicated.