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. 2011 Jan 17;124(3):348–358. doi: 10.1242/jcs.072272

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

hESCs show high levels of mitochondrial activity and a bias for aerobic ATP production. (A) The differentiation scheme used for measurements. Pluripotent I6 hESCs (i), multipotent I6 neural stem cells (NSCs) (ii) and differentiated I6 NSCs (D-35) (iii), stained for neuronal Tuj-β-tubulin. BJ fibroblasts (HDF) were also analysed (image not shown). (B) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measured on adherent cultures normalised to cell protein levels. Basal, endogenous rate; Oligomycin, ATP-synthase-inhibited rate; FCCP, maximal uncoupled rate; and Rot + Ant A, rotenone- and antimycin-A-inhibited rate. (C) Proton production rate from measurements taken in tandem with respiration rates. (D) ATP production rate from oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Results shown are the means+s.e.m. from independent experiments (hESC, n=10; NSC, n=11; D-35, n=3; and HDF, n=4). The statistical significance was calculated from a one-way ANOVA using Dunnett's correction. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.