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SEM photograms of bare gold-covered substrate (a) and calcinated substrates fabricated with different methods: 8 layers of silicate fabricated with water washing between deposition of each polyelectrolytes (b); 4 layers of silicate fabricated without water washing (c); 8 layers of silicate fabricated without water washing (d). Amplification is ×1000. The insert pictures show substrates with 10,000-fold amplification. The scale bar represents 2 µm.
