Summary of depolarization-activated pathways to pCREB.
(A) Superposed dynamics of 90 mM K+-induced
pMAPK (▴) compared with the pure CaMK contribution to pCREB
(○) and the MAPK contribution to pCREB
(●). Values are normalized against the maximal
changes of pCREB or pMAPK. Note that the peak in pMAPK significantly
lags behind the peak of pCREB-CaMK. Interestingly, a single strong
membrane depolarization induced a transient increase in pMAPK, in
contrast to the slow-developing persistent pCREB contributed by the
MAPK pathway. (B) Model demonstrating the confluence of
different depolarization-activated, CaM-dependent processes converging
on CREB Ser-133 in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Rapid
calmodulin translocation to the nucleus controls rapid
CaMKIV-dependent CREB phosphorylation, slow CaMK-dependent MAPK
signaling controls a late phase of CREB phosphorylation, and a
calcineurin (CaN)-dependent phosphatase (PP1) pathway modulates CREB
dephosphorylation. Together, these processes control the dynamics of
CREB phosphorylation and the stimulus-evoked gene expression decision.
Potential interactions between the CaMK and MAPK pathways include
direct activation of the MAPK pathway by CaMKIV.