| Source | df | Mean square |
| Between genotypes | n–1 | σw2+p σg2 |
| Within genotypes | n (p–1) | σw2 |
Where n=number of genotypes; p=number of replicates; genotypic variance=σg2; phenotypic variance=σg2+σw2; t=σg2/(σg2+σw2).
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