Table 7.
Causes of intestinal failure and indications for combined liver-intestinal and abdominal multivisceral transplantation.
| Cause | Adults (n=14) | Cause | Children (n=26) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liver-intestine | Multivisceral | Intestine-Liver | Multivisceral | ||
| Crohn’s disease | 1 | 0 | Gastroschisis | 5c | 0 |
| Abdominal trauma | 2 | 0 | Necro-enterocolitis | 6 | 0 |
| Celiac A occlusion | 0 | 3a | Volvulus | 5 | 1 |
| SMA thrombosis | 3 | 0 | Intestinal atresia | 4 | 1 |
| Desmoid tumor | 1 | 1 | Microvillus disease | 1 | 0 |
| Metastatic gastrinoma | 0 | 1 | Pseudo-obstruction | 0 | 2d |
| Budd-Chiari syndrome | 0 | 1 | Hirschsprung’s disease | 1 | 0 |
| Pseudo-obstruction | 0 | 1b | |||
a
These patients developed short-gut syndrome due to concomitant superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis because of protein S deficiency (n=1) antithrombin III deficiency (n=1) or unknown (n=1).
b
The patient received the multivisceral graft after failure of the primary isolated intestinal graft due to refractory rejection.
c
One patient required multivisceral retransplantation 15 months after receiving the liver-intestinal graft because of graft dysfunction.
d
One patient had pseudo-obstruction after birth that was not diagnosed and received isolated liver allograft 50 months before the multivisceral graft.