Table 1.
Published reports on diagnostic test characteristics of ultrasonography (US) and computed-tomography (CT) for staging and surveillance testing in patients with melanoma*
| Imaging modality, first author, and year (reference) | Study design | No. of patients | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | Accuracy, % (95% CI) | Prevalence, % |
| US of regional lymph nodes | ||||||
| Prayer, 1990 (43) | Retrospective | 217 | 100 (86 to 100) | 97 (93 to 99) | 97 (94 to 99) | 13 |
| Tregnaghi, 1997 (44) | Retrospective | 87 | 87 (61 to 97) | 95 (86 to 98) | 93 (86 to 97) | NA |
| Binder, 1997 (45) | Retrospective | 264 | 90 (78 to 96) | 99 (98 to 99) | 99 (98 to 99) | 19 |
| Uren, 1999 (46)† | Prospective | 52 | 94 (NA) | 87 (NA) | 89 (NA) | NA |
| Voit, 2001 (47) | Prospective | 829 | 99 (97 to 100) | 98 (98 to 99) | 98 (98 to 99) | NA |
| Rossi, 2000 (48) | Retrospective | 69 | 33 (15 to 59) | 100 (92 to 100) | 87 (77 to 93) | 11 |
| Garbe, 2003 (28) | Prospective | 2008 | 86 (79 to 90) | 99 (98 to 99) | 98 (98 to 98) | 6 |
| Brountzos, 2003 (49) | Prospective | 148 | 98 (87 to 100) | 98 (93 to 100) | 98 (94 to 100) | 30 |
| Schmid-Wendtner, 2003 (50) | Prospective | 1395 | 92 (86 to 96) | 98 (98 to 99) | 98 (97 to 98) | 8 |
| Hafner, 2004 (51) | Prospective | 100 | 8 (1 to 25) | 88 (78 to 94) | 67 (57 to 75) | 26 |
| Hocevar, 2004 (52) | Retrospective | 57 | 71 (45 to 88) | 84 (70 to 92) | 81 (68 to 89) | 25 |
| Machet, 2005 (53) | Retrospective | 361 | 93 (80 to 98) | 98 (95 to 99) | 97 (95 to 99) | 12 |
| Starritt, 2005 (54) | Prospective | 304 | 23 (11 to 40) | 100 (98 to 100) | 92 (88 to 95) | 11 |
| Testori, 2005 (55) | Prospective | 88 | 94 (71 to 100) | 90 (82 to 95) | 91 (83 to 95) | NA |
| Voit, 2006 (56) | Prospective | 127 | 79 (63 to 90) | 72 (62 to 81) | 74 (66 to 81) | 28 |
| Dalle, 2006 (57) | Prospective | 67 | 98 (90 to 100) | 96 (86 to 100) | 97 (92 to 99) | 48 |
| Sibon, 2007 (58) | Prospective | 131 | 21 (10 to 37) | 90 (82 to 94) | 26 (64 to 79) | 27 |
| Schmid-Wendtner, 2004 (59)‡ | Prospective | 22 | 80 (48 to 95) | 79 (52 to 93) | 26 (59 to 91) | NA |
| Rossi, 2003 (60)§ | Prospective | 125 | 33 (15 to 59) | 100 (92 to 100) | 87 (77 to 93) | 22 |
| Van Rijk, 2006 (61)§ | Prospective | 107 | 5 (1 to 19) | 99 (91 to 100) | 66 (57 to 75) | 35 |
| Schafer-Hesterberg, 2007 (62)§ | Prospective | 400 | 65 (54 to 74) | 99 (97 to 100) | 92 (89 to 94) | 20 |
| Voit, 2006 (56)§ | Prospective | 127 | 59 (42 to 74) | 100 (94 to 100) | 88 (80 to 93) | 28 |
| CT | ||||||
| All lesions | ||||||
| Buzaid, 1993 (63) | Retrospective | 151 | 100 (29 to 100) | 82 (75 to 87) | 82 (75 to 87) | 1 |
| Buzaid, 1995 (64) | Retrospective | 89 | 100 (55 to 100) | 76 (66 to 84) | 77 (68 to 85) | 7 |
| Kuvshinoff, 1997 (65)† | Retrospective | 136 | 57 (NA) | NA | NA | NA |
| Holder, 1998 (66) | Prospective | 76 | 55 (41 to 69) | 84 (71 to 92) | 70 (59 to 78) | NA |
| Swetter, 2002 (67) | Retrospective | 104 | 58 (49 to 66) | 70 (52 to 83) | 60 (53 to 67) | 39 |
| Finkelstein, 2004 (68) | Prospective | 18 | 75 (62 to 85) | 87 (73 to 94) | 81 (72 to 88) | NA |
| Romer, 2006 (69) | Retrospective | 34 | 88 (79 to 93) | 95 (93 to 96) | 94 (92 to 95) | NA |
| Brady, 2006 (70) | Prospective | 103 | 48 (34 to 62) | 95 (85 to 99) | 75 (66 to 82) | 43 |
| Pfannenberg, 2007 (71) | Prospective | 64 | 77 (72 to 82) | 70 (61 to 77) | 75 (71 to 79) | 61 |
| Iagaru, 2007 (72) | Retrospective | 106 | 69 (55 to 79) | 94 (83 to 98) | 80 (71 to 87) | 53 |
| Lymph node metastases | ||||||
| Fuster, 2004(73)║ | Retrospective | 115 | 56 (39 to 71) | 81 (69 to 89) | 72 (62 to 80) | NA |
| Reinhardt, 2006 (74)║ | Retrospective | 250 | 85 (75 to 91) | 87 (81 to 91) | 86 (82 to 90) | 31 |
| Veit-Haibach 2009 (75)║ | Prospective | 74 | 23 (8 to 51) | 100 (90 to 100) | 82 (70 to 90) | 23 |
| Distant metastases | ||||||
| Fuster, 2004 (73)║ | Retrospective | 115 | 74 (61 to 83) | 83 (79 to 87) | 82 (78 to 85) | NA |
| Reinhardt, 2006 (74)║ | Retrospective | 250 | 74 (63 to 82) | 88 (82 to 92) | 83 (78 to 87) | 34 |
| Veit-Haibach 2009 (75)║ | Prospective | 74 | 25 (9 to 54) | 93 (81 to 98) | 79 (66 to 87) | 21 |
*
Prevalence is the number of patients with disease divided by the total number of patients in the 2 × 2 table. The number of patients excludes the patients who were not used to calculate sensitivity and specificity. CI = confidence interval; NA = not available.
†
This study was not included in the statistical models because of missing data on true-positive, false-positive, false-negative, and true-negative results.
‡
Color Doppler sonography was used in this study.
§
Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was used in this study.
║
These studies provided detailed results on different levels of lesions.