Table 2.
Published reports on diagnostic test characteristics of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET–computed tomography (CT) for staging and surveillance testing of patients with melanoma*
| Imaging modality, first author, year (reference) | Study design | No. of patients | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | Accuracy, % (95% CI) | Prevalence, % |
| PET | ||||||
| All lesions | ||||||
| Gritters, 1993 (76)† | Prospective | 12 | 100 (76 to 100) | 78 (62 to 89) | 85 (72 to 92) | NA |
| Boni, 1995 (77)† | Prospective | 15 | 91 (75 to 98) | 67 (30 to 90) | 89 (75 to 96) | NA |
| Blessing, 1995 (78) | Retrospective | 20 | 76 (61 to 87) | 93 (81 to 98) | 86 (76 to 92) | NA |
| Steinert, 1995 (79) | Prospective | 33 | 93 (79 to 98) | 100 (73 to 100) | 94 (84 to 99) | NA |
| Damian, 1996 (80)‡ | Retrospective | 100 | 93 (NA) | NA | NA | NA |
| Holder, 1998 (66) | Prospective | 76 | 94 (84 to 99) | 83 (70 to 91) | 89 (81 to 94) | NA |
| Nguyen, 1999 (81) | Retrospective | 45 | 81 (65 to 90) | 80 (54 to 93) | 80 (67 to 89) | NA |
| Jadvar, 2000 (82) | Retrospective | 38 | 81 (56 to 94) | 77 (56 to 90) | 79 (63 to 89) | 42 |
| Eigtved, 2000 (83) | Prospective | 38 | 97 (81 to 100) | 56 (27 to 81) | 87 (72 to 95) | 76 |
| Paquet, 2000 (84) | Prospective | 24 | 73 (43 to 91) | 88 (64 to 98) | 82 (64 to 92) | NA |
| Acland, 2000 (85) | Retrospective | 54 | 78 (58 to 91) | 87 (73 to 95) | 84 (73 to 91) | NA |
| Tyler, 2000 (86) | Prospective | 95 | 87 (81 to 92) | 44 (32 to 55) | 74 (68 to 80) | NA |
| Klein, 2000 (87)† | Prospective | 17 | 86 (46 to 99) | 53 (30 to 75) | 64 (43 to 80) | 41 |
| Stas, 2002 (88)† | Retrospective | 84 | 85 (80 to 89) | 90 (86 to 93) | 88 (85 to 90) | NA |
| Swetter, 2002 (67) | Retrospective | 104 | 84 (78 to 88) | 97 (91 to 99) | 88 (84 to 91) | 39 |
| Cobben, 2003 (89) | Prospective | 10 | 88 (69 to 97) | 60 (23 to 88) | 83 (66 to 93) | 20 |
| Gulec, 2003 (90) | Retrospective | 46 | 70 (56 to 82) | 57 (25 to 84) | 69 (55 to 80) | 86 |
| Reinhardt, 2002 (91) | Retrospective | 67 | 92 (73 to 99) | 98 (87 to 100) | 95 (87 to 99) | 36 |
| Finkelstein, 2004 (68) | Prospective | 18 | 79 (65 to 88) | 87 (74 to 94) | 83 (74 to 89) | NA |
| Harris, 2005 (92) | Retrospective | 92 | 92 (87 to 95) | 88 (64 to 98) | 92 (87 to 94) | NA |
| Brady, 2006 (70) | Prospective | 103 | 68 (53 to 80) | 92 (81 to 97) | 82 (73 to 88) | 0.43 |
| Horn, 2006 (93) | Retrospective | 33 | 83 (42 to 98) | 85 (67 to 95) | 85 (68 to 94) | 0.18 |
| Romer, 2006 (69) | Retrospective | 34 | 85 (76 to 92) | 99 (98 to 99) | 98 (97 to 99) | NA |
| Pfannenberg, 2007 (71) | Prospective | 64 | 70 (65 to 75) | 84 (76 to 89) | 74 (70 to 78) | 61 |
| Mottaghy, 2007 (94)‡ | Retrospective | 92 | 86 (NA) | 94 (NA) | NA | NA |
| Koskivuo, 2007 (95) | Prospective | 30 | 86 (46 to 99) | 96 (77 to 100) | 93 (77 to 99) | 23 |
| Iagaru, 2007 (72) | Retrospective | 106 | 89 (78 to 95) | 82 (69 to 90) | 86 (78 to 91) | 53 |
| Lymph node metastases | ||||||
| Gritters, 1993 (76)† | Prospective | 12 | 100 (59 to 100) | 100 (55 to 100) | 100 (73 to 100) | NA |
| Boni, 1995 (77)† | Prospective | 15 | 88 (50 to 100) | 100 (29 to 100) | 90 (57 to 100) | NA |
| Rinne, 1998 (96) | Prospective | 100 | 98 (88 to 100) | 100 (85 to 100) | 99 (92 to 100) | NA |
| Macfarlane, 1998 (97) | Prospective | 23 | 85 (56 to 97) | 91 (60 to 100) | 88 (68 to 96) | NA |
| Crippa, 2000 (98) | Prospective | 38 | 95 (81 to 99) | 84 (61 to 95) | 91 (80 to 96) | NA |
| Klein, 2000 (87)† | Prospective | 17 | 67 (20 to 94) | 100 (77 to 100) | 95 (73 to 100) | 12 |
| Acland, 2001 (99) | Prospective | 50 | 0 (0 to 26) | 89 (74 to 96) | 64 (50 to 76) | 28 |
| Kokoska, 2001 (100) | Prospective | 18 | 40 (12 to 77) | 100 (71 to 100) | 82 (58 to 94) | 29 |
| Stas, 2002 (88)† | Retrospective | 84 | 89 (82 to 94) | 90 (79 to 96) | 90 (84 to 93) | NA |
| Belhocine, 2002 (101) | Prospective | 21 | 14 (1 to 54) | 93 (66 to 100) | 67 (45 to 83) | 33 |
| Longo, 2003 (102) | Prospective | 25 | 22 (6 to 56) | 100 (69 to 100) | 52 (34 to 70) | 36 |
| Havenga, 2003 (103) | Prospective | 45 | 15 (3 to 44) | 84 (68 to 93) | 64 (50 to 77) | 29 |
| Fink, 2004 (104) | Prospective | 48 | 13 (0 to 50) | 100 (89 to 100) | 85 (72 to 93) | 17 |
| Hafner, 2004 (51) | Prospective | 100 | 8 (1 to 25) | 100 (94 to 100) | 76 (67 to 83) | 26 |
| Fuster, 2004 (73)† | Retrospective | 115 | 88 (73 to 96) | 95 (86 to 99) | 93 (86 to 97) | 35 |
| Wagner, 2005 (105) | Prospective | 144 | 21 (11 to 36) | 97 (93 to 99) | 79 (73 to 85) | 28 |
| Vereecken, 2005 (106) | Prospective | 43 | 40 (17 to 69) | 13 (6 to 27) | 18 (10 to 31) | 23 |
| Bastiaannet, 2006 (107) | Retrospective | 220 | 68 (55 to 79) | 95 (90 to 98) | 88 (83 to 92) | 26 |
| Reinhardt, 2006 (74)† | Retrospective | 250 | 92 (84 to 97) | 98 (94 to 99) | 96 (93 to 98) | 31 |
| Clark, 2006 (108) | Retrospective | 64 | 10 (2 to 33) | 96 (84 to 100) | 70 (58 to 80) | 30 |
| Maubec, 2007 (109) | Prospective | 25 | 0 (0 to 41) | 92 (64 to 100) | 60 (39 to 78) | 37 |
| Veit-Haibach, 2009 (75)† | Prospective | 74 | 38 (18 to 65) | 100 (90 to 100) | 86 (74 to 93) | 23 |
| Distant metastases | ||||||
| Boni, 1995 (77)† | Prospective | 15 | 92 (74 to 99) | 50 (15 to 85) | 86 (69 to 95) | NA |
| Fuster, 2004(73)† | Retrospective | 115 | 72 (59 to 82) | 98 (95 to 99) | 94 (91 to 96) | NA |
| Reinhardt, 2006 (74)† | Retrospective | 250 | 89 (81 to 94) | 95 (91 to 98) | 93 (89 to 96) | 34 |
| Veit-Haibach, 2009 (75)† | Prospective | 74 | 33 (14 to 61) | 91 (78 to 97) | 79 (66 to 87) | 22 |
| PET-CT | ||||||
| All lesions | ||||||
| Finkelstein 2004 (68)§ | Prospective | 18 | 88 (75 to 94) | 91 (79 to 97) | 89 (81 to 94) | NA |
| Romer, 2006 (69)§ | Retrospective | 34 | 94 (86 to 98) | 100 (99 to 100) | 100 (99 to 100) | NA |
| Akcali, 2007 (110) | Prospective | 38 | 92 (62 to 100) | 92 (75 to 99) | 92 (78 to 98) | 32 |
| Strobel, 2007 (111) | Prospective | 47 | 97 (85 to 100) | 100 (62 to 100) | 98 (88 to 100) | 83 |
| Pfannenberg, 2007 (71) | Prospective | 64 | 91 (87 to 93) | 77 (69 to 84) | 87 (83 to 90) | 61 |
| Mottaghy, 2007 (94)‡ | Retrospective | 92 | 91 (NA) | 94 (NA) | NA | NA |
| Iagaru, 2007 (72)§ | Retrospective | 106 | 90 (81 to 95) | 85 (72 to 92) | 88 (81 to 92) | 53 |
| Falk, 2007 (112) | Retrospective | 60 | 67 (49 to 80) | 84 (70 to 92) | 76 (66 to 84) | 55 |
| Lymph node metastases | ||||||
| Kell, 2007 (113) | Retrospective | 37 | 22 (6 to 56) | 89 (72 to 97) | 73 (57 to 85) | 24 |
| Yancovitz, 2007 (114) | Retrospective | 158 | 100 (17 to 100) | 94 (82 to 98) | 94 (83 to 98) | NA |
| Singh, 2008 (115) | Prospective | 52 | 14 (3 to 41) | 95 (82 to 99) | 73 (60 to 83) | 41 |
| Reinhardt, 2006 (74)† | Retrospective | 250 | 95 (87 to 98) | 100 (97 to 100) | 98 (96 to 100) | 31 |
| Veit-Haibach, 2009 (75)† | Prospective | 74 | 38 (18 to 65) | 100 (90 to 100) | 86 (74 to 93) | 23 |
| Distant metastases | ||||||
| Reinhardt, 2006 (74)† | Retrospective | 250 | 99 (93 to 100) | 98 (94 to 99) | 98 (95 to 99) | 34 |
| Veit-Haibach, 2009 (75)† | Prospective | 74 | 42 (19 to 68) | 93 (81 to 98) | 82 (70 to 90) | 21 |
*
Prevalence is the number of patients with disease divided by the total number of patients in the 2 × 2 table. CI = confidence interval; NA = not available.
†
These studies provided detailed results on different levels of lesions.
‡
This study was not included in the statistical models because of missing data on true-positive, false-positive, false-negative, and true-negative results.
§
For PET + CT, mean PET and CT were conducted independently but the final test results were determined using both tests.