Table 1.
Multiple logistic regression analysis† of factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in children between 1 to 59 months of age in Ujjain
| Staphylococcus aureus | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Totals (% within column) | Positive No. (%) |
Negative No. (%) |
P | Adjusted OR | 95% CI |
| Sex | ||||||
| Boy | 902 (57.8) | 60 (6.7) | 842 (93.3) | 0.67 | 0.90 | 0.59-1.39 |
| Girl | 660 (42.2) | 38 (5.8) | 622 (94.2) | |||
| Age group* | ||||||
| 1-6 months | 614 (39.3) | 41 (6.7) | 573 (93.3) | 1 | 1 | - |
| 7-12 months | 218 (13.9) | 9 (4.1) | 209 (95.9) | 0.20 | 0.58 | 0.26-1.29 |
| 13-24 months | 248 (15.8) | 12 (4.9) | 236 (95.1) | 0.16 | 0.56 | 0.25-1.26 |
| 25-59 months | 482 (31.0) | 36 (7.5) | 446 (92.5) | 0.12 | 0.48 | 0.18-1.23 |
| Current breastfeeding status | ||||||
| Yes | 812 (52.0) | 51 (6.4) | 761 (93.6) | 0.72 | 1.08 | 0.58-2.00 |
| No | 750 (48.0) | 47 (6.3) | 703 (93.7) | |||
| Child attends* | ||||||
| No school | 1115 (71.4) | 1062 (95.2) | 53 (4.8) | 1 | 1 | - |
| Preschool | 143 (9.2) | 123 (86) | 20 (14.0) | < 0.001 | 4.26 | 2.25-8.03 |
| School | 304 (19.4) | 279 (91.8) | 25 (8.2) | 0.012 | 3.02 | 1.27-7.18 |
| Family size* | ||||||
| Less than or equal to 4 | 449 (28.7) | 21 (4.7) | 428 (95.3) | 1 | 1 | - |
| Between 5-10 | 1061 (68.0) | 70(6.7) | 991 (93.3) | 0.12 | 1.50 | 0.89-2.54 |
| More than 10 | 52 (3.3) | 7 (13.5) | 45 (86.5) | 0.03 | 2.76 | 1.06-7.15 |
| Education of the mother* | ||||||
| Illiterate | 593 (38.0) | 26 (4.4) | 567 (95.6) | 1 | 1 | - |
| Up-to primary | 537 (34.2) | 44 (8.2) | 491 (91.8) | 0.10 | 1.65 | 0.90-3.03 |
| Up-to higher secondary | 255 (16.3) | 20 (8.2) | 235 (91.8) | 0.24 | 1.51 | 0.74-3.07 |
| Graduate or post graduate | 179 (11.5) | 8 (4.5) | 171 (95.3) | 0.95 | 1.02 | 0.42-2.51 |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Self employed | 990 (63.4) | 52 (5.2) | 938 (94.8) | 0.33 | 0.77 | 0.45-1.29 |
| Salaried | 572 (36.6) | 47 (8.2) | 525 (91.8) | |||
| Antibiotic usage in last 2 weeks | ||||||
| Yes | 330 (26.8) | 25 (7.6) | 305 (92.4) | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.60-1.57 |
| No | 1232 (73.2) | 74 (6) | 1158 (94) | |||
| Hospitalization in the last 2 weeks | ||||||
| Yes | 137 (8.8) | 17 (12.4) | 120 (87.6) | 0.08 | 1.79 | 0.92-3.47 |
| No | 1425 (91.2) | 82 (5.8) | 1343 (94.2) | |||
| Hospital visit in the last 2 weeks | ||||||
| Yes | 370 (23.7) | 31 (8.4) | 339 (91.6) | 0.25 | 1.32 | 0.81-2.14 |
| No | 1192 (76.3) | 68 (5.7) | 339 (94.3) | |||
* Logistic regression was used with first value within variable acting as reference value
†A complete case analysis with n = 1562 was used. Variables entered: sex (boys versus girls), age group (13 months to 24 months and 13 to 24 months versus 1-12 months), current breastfeeding status (yes versus no), child attends no school, preschool, school (no school/preschool versus preschool and school), family size (between 5 to 10 members and more than 10 members to less than or equal to 4 members), education of the mother (up-to primary, up-to higher secondary and graduate or postgraduate versus illiterate), occupation of the breadwinner (self employed versus salaried), antibiotic use in the last 2 weeks (no versus yes), hospitalization in the last 2 weeks (no versus yes), hospital visit in the last 2 weeks (no versus yes).