Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Healthy volunteers | Athletes | Patients | |
| Number | n = 60 | n = 71 | n = 31 |
| Gender (M/F) | 40/20 | 41/30 | 26/5 |
| Age (years) | 35 ± 11 | 26 ± 7*** | 54 ± 12*** |
| Weight (kg) | 75 ± 11 | 75 ± 11 | 80 ± 15 |
| Height (m) | 1.77 ± 0.08 | 1.78 ± 0.08 | 1.74 ± 0.08 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127 ± 9 | 126 ± 9 | 107 ± 12*** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74 ± 8 | 72 ± 8 | 69 ± 9** |
| VO2peak (ml min-1) | 3102 ± 696 | 3866 ± 747*** | 1309 ± 430*** |
| VO2peakkg (ml min-1 kg-1) | 41 ± 7 | 52 ± 7*** | 16 ± 5*** |
| LVEDV (ml) | 183 ± 31 | 223 ± 39*** | 280 ± 132*** |
| LVM (g) | 105 ± 25 | 130 ± 34*** | 177 ± 87*** |
| THV (ml) | 793 ± 128 | 947 ± 169*** | 1201 ± 460*** |
| LVEF (%) | 62 ± 6 | 58 ± 6** | 37 ± 22*** |
DBP = diastolic blood pressure, LVEDV = left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, LVM = left ventricular mass, SBP = systolic blood pressure, THV = total heart volume, VO2peak = peak oxygen uptake, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to the healthy volunteers