Table 5.
Median values of nutrient intakes (percentages of nutrient reference values) by socio-demographic category
| Energy (kJ/d) | Protein (g/d) | Fat (g/d) | Carbohydrate (g/d) | Vitamin A (μg/d) ‡ | Vitamin B1 (mg/d) | Vitamin B2 (mg/d) | Vitamin C (mg/d) | Vitamin E (mg/d) | Calcium (mg/d) | Iron (mg/d) | Zinc (mg/d) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y* | ||||||||||||
| ≤ 23.9 | 8682 (90.2) |
58 (82.8) |
59 (92.2) |
341 (98.8) |
237 (33.9) |
0.9 (70.0) |
0.7 (57.5) |
75 (75.0) |
12 (85.7) |
516 (64.5) |
34 (171.4) |
17.4 (151.3) |
| 24-29.9 | 9100 (94.5) |
58 (82.8) |
59 (92.2) |
377 (109.3) |
270 (38.6) |
0.9 (70.0) |
0.6 (51.7) |
71 (71.0) |
12 (85.7) |
521 (65.1) |
35 (175.7) |
17.1 (149.0) |
| ≥30 | 8447 (87.7) |
55 (78.6) |
52 (81.3) |
351 (101.7) |
224 (32.0) |
0.9 (70.0) |
0.6 (51.7) |
58 (58.0) |
11 (78.6) |
511 (63.9) |
35 (175.7) |
17.6 (153.1) |
| Educational years† | ||||||||||||
| < 1 | 8138 (84.5) |
53 (75.7) |
53 (82.2) |
326 (94.4) |
213b (30.4) |
0.8 (63.1) |
0.6 (51.7) |
60a (60.0) |
11 (78.6) |
482 (60.3) |
33 (166.3) |
17.3 (150.7) |
| 1-8 | 9151 (95.1) |
60 (85.4) |
59 (92.2) |
373 (108.2) |
244 (34.9) |
0.9 (70.0) |
0.7 (57.5) |
71 (71.0) |
12 (85.7) |
546 (68.2) |
36 (179.0) |
17.1 (149.0) |
| ≥ 9 | 9218 (95.8) |
61 (87.3) |
62 (97.3) |
375 (108.6) |
293 (41.8) |
0.9 (69.2) |
0.6 (52.5) |
84 (83.7) |
12 (85.7) |
511 (63.9) |
33 (166.2) |
17.6 (153.4) |
| Maternal occupation | ||||||||||||
| Farming and animal husbandry only | 8669 (90.1) |
57 (82.1) |
56 (87.4) |
360 (104.3) |
235 (33.6) |
0.9 (66.9) |
0.6 (53.3) |
68 (67.7) |
12 (85.7) |
515 (64.4) |
34 (171.4) |
17.3 (150.7) |
| Others | 9180 (95.3) |
60 (86.4) |
60 (94.3) |
354 (102.5) |
279 (39.9) |
0.9 (69.2) |
0.6 (50.8) |
69 (69.0) |
12 (85.7) |
523 (65.3) |
35 (175.7) |
17.3 (150.7) |
| Family size | ||||||||||||
| ≤ 3 | 8414 (87.4) |
53 (75.4) |
52 (81.7) |
346 (100.3) |
216 (30.9) |
0.9 (69.2) |
0.6 (50.0) |
58 (57.6) |
10 (71.4) |
513 (64.3) |
35 (173.0) |
16.7 (144.8) |
| 4-7 | 8874 (92.2) |
58 (83.0) |
59 (92.0) |
360 (104.3) |
248 (35.5) |
0.9 (66.2) |
0.7 (55.0) |
69 (69.2) |
12 (85.7) |
527 (65.8) |
35 (176.8) |
17.6 (153.1) |
| ≥ 8 | 8514 (88.4) |
58 (83.4) |
51 (79.8) |
362 (105.1) |
231 (33.0) |
0.9 (67.7) |
0.6 (52.5) |
82 (82.0) |
12 (85.7) |
496 (62.0) |
30 (151.4) |
15.8 (137.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||||||
| < 18.5 | 8786 (91.3) |
58 (82.6) |
58 (90.4) |
371 (107.4) |
282 (40.3) |
0.9 (72.3) |
0.6 (53.3) |
80 (80.3) |
13 (92.9) |
539 (67.3) |
35 (176.8) |
18.0 (156.3) |
| 18.5-24.9 | 8594 (89.3) |
57 (81.6) |
55 (86.8) |
350 (101.4) |
235 (33.6) |
0.9 (66.2) |
0.6 (52.5) |
64 (64.0) |
11 (78.6) |
514 (64.3) |
33 (166.7) |
17.3 (150.7) |
| 25-29.9 | 8318 (86.4) |
56 (79.5) |
52 (81.3) |
348 (100.9) |
171 (24.5) |
0.8 (61.5) |
0.6 (53.3) |
73 (72.8) |
11 (78.6) |
494 (61.8) |
36 (181.0) |
17.2 (149.5) |
* Age categories of < 20.0 and 20-23.9 years are presented as < 23.9
†Significant differences in intakes of protein, vitamin A, and vitamin C according to years of education (P < 0.05); ‡ Retinol equivalent
a significant difference in vitamin C intake for < 1 versus 1-8 years of education using the Wilcoxon two-sample test (P < 0.017)
b significant difference in vitamin A intake for < 1 versus ≥ 9 years of education using the Wilcoxon two-sample test (P < 0.017)