Table 5.
Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores according to headache status and structural brain lesions in Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing study (n=769) adjusted for age, sex, and education
| WMH volume by thirds | No history of severe headache (n=608) | Migraine headache (n=116) | Non-migraine headache (n=45) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | Mean (SE) MMSE | No (%) | Mean (SE) MMSE | No (%) | Mean (SE) MMSE | |
| Total: | ||||||
| Lowest third (n=259) | 214 (35.2) | 27.5 (0.1) | 35 (30.2) | 27.6 (0.4) | 10 (22.2) | 28.6 (0.5) |
| Middle third (n=258) | 210 (34.5) | 27.6 (0.1) | 34 (29.3) | 27.5 (0.4) | 14 (31.1) | 27.8 (0.5) |
| Highest third (n=252) | 184 (30.3) | 27.5 (0.2) | 47 (40.5) | 27.9 (0.3) | 21 (46.7) | 27.8 (0.4) |
| P value | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.42 | |||
| Deep: | ||||||
| Lowest third (n=259) | 212 (34.9) | 27.6 (0.1) | 34 (29.3) | 27.2 (0.4) | 13 (28.9) | 27.9 (0.5) |
| Middle third (n=258) | 212 (34.9) | 27.5 (0.1) | 34 (29.3) | 27.7 (0.4) | 12 (26.7) | 28.4 (0.6) |
| Highest third (n=252) | 184 (30.3) | 27.5 (0.2) | 48 (41.4) | 28.1 (0.3) | 20 (44.4) | 27.8 (0.4) |
| P value | 0.86 | 0.19 | 0.63 | |||
| Periventricular: | ||||||
| Lowest third (n=259) | 213 (35.0) | 27.4 (0.1) | 36 (31.0) | 27.7 (0.4) | 9 (20.0) | 28.7 (0.7) |
| Middle third (n=257) | 208 (34.2) | 27.7 (0.1) | 33 (28.4) | 27.6 (0.4) | 16 (35.6) | 27.9 (0.4) |
| Highest third (n=254) | 187 (30.8) | 27.5 (0.2) | 47 (40.5) | 27.8 (0.3) | 20 (44.4) | 27.7 (0.4) |
| P value | 0.44 | 0.94 | 0.53 | |||
| No infarction (n=660) | 519 (85.4) | 27.6 (0.1) | 99 (85.3) | 27.7 (0.2) | 42 (93.3) | 28.0 (0.2) |
| Any infarct lesion (n=109) | 89 (14.6) | 27.2 (0.2) | 17 (14.7) | 27.9 (0.5) | 3 (6.7) | 27.6 (1.0) |
| P value | 0.17 | 0.69 | 0.72 | |||
| Overall mean (SE) | 27.5 (0.1) | 27.7 (0.2) | 28.1 (0.3) | |||
WMH=white matter hyperintensities; MRI=magnetic resonance imaging. Percentages may not add to 100% owing to rounding.